8.4 Spread of Communism after 1900 Flashcards
Who led the Chinese after the defeat of the Japanese in 1945?
Mao Zedong
The Great Leap Forward
A Chinese policy of land reform, organized peasant lands into communes, large state-owned farms.
What was the result of The Great Leap Forward?
Starvation. Twenty million Chinese people starved to death.
Why did Mao come up with the Cultural Revolution in 1966?
He wanted to reinvigorate the country’s commitment to communism?
What happened to A LOT of teachers, government officials and artist during the Cultural Revolution?
They were seized by Red Guards and sent to reeducation camps.
Who were the Red Guards?
Revolutionary students
How did Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi take over control of Iran?
His father was forced to abdicate by the U.K. and U.S.S.R. because he supported the Nazis.
Did Iranians want a king who was a puppet of Western powers?
No. In 1951, he had to flee the country.
Mohammad Mosaddegh
A democratically elected prime minister of Iran who wanted to nationalize its oil companies.
How did the U.S. and U.K. react to Mosaddegh attempt to return control of Iran’s resources to itself?
They engineered a coup and restored the puppet shah back to power.
The White Revolution
Progressive reforms made by Shah Pahlavi giving women the right to vote and creating social welfare systems.
In 1979, a revolution ended the Shah’s control of Iran. What was the new government of Iran?
A theocracy.
What type of law did the theocratic state of Iran have?
Shariah
How did Venezuela atttempt to redistribute wealth more evenly among its citizens?
Land reform
When Guatemala elected Jacob Arbenz, a leader who wanted to reform land ownership in Guatemala, what happened?
The United Fruit Company lobbied the U.S. government to remove Arbenz. In 1954, he was overthrown.
Did South Vietnamese peasants get the land reform they were promised by the communists?
not really
Haile Selassie
An Ethiopian leader restored to power during WWII by western powers.
Mengistu Haile Mariam
An Ethiopian major in the military who lead the overthrow of Selassie and subsequently declared the new Ethopian government was socialist.
Who gave aid to Mariam’s Ethiopian government?
The Soviet Union
When India was partitioned in 1947, what two countries resulted?
Pakistan - overwhelmingly Muslim
India - largely Hindu
When land reform began succeding in the Indian state of Kerala, how did the central government react?
Took over direct rule of Kerala and reversed or slowed down the program.
