Unit 2 Vocab (1754-1780s)

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

war fought for control of eastern North America between Britain and France, as well as Native American allies

Question 2

Albany Congress

Answer 2

due to French threats on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to discuss 2 goals: 1) to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and 2) to coordinate defenses of colonies

Question 3

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 3

led by Ottowa chief Pontiac, opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area

Question 4

deism

Answer 4

belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it

Question 5

Ben Franklin

Answer 5

from MA, signed the DOI, traveled to France to ask for French support during the American Revolution, and helped write the Constitution

Question 6

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 6

forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains

Question 7

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

Answer 7

closed the port of Boston, banned all town meetings, and put General Thomas Gage as the new governor of the colony

Question 8

Adam Smith “Wealth of Nations”

Answer 8

Argued that money in and of itself did not constitute wealth wealth but merely its marker, advocated laissez-faire

Question 9

Samuel Adams

Answer 9

started sons of liberty, organized Boston Tea Party, signed DOI

Question 10

“The Cause and Necessity of Taking Up Arms”

Answer 10

a declaration that said that if needed the colonist could take up guns but they were still loyal to Britain

Question 11

Sugar Act

Answer 11

it increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies

Question 12

Quartering Act

Answer 12

required that certain colonies provide food and quarters to the British troops

Question 13

Stamp Act

Answer 13

Parliament required that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, dice, and playing cards

Question 14

Boston Massacre

Answer 14

incident in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others

Question 15

Crispus Attucks

Answer 15

one of the first men to die in the Boston Massacre

Question 16

Sons of Liberty

Answer 16

violent group that often took matters into its own hands

Question 17

Committee of Correspondence

Answer 17

created by the American colonies in order to maintain communication with one another

Question 18

Declaratory Act

Answer 18

repealed the Stamp Act, reaffirmed Parliament’s right to “bind” the colonies

Question 19

Gaspee incident

Answer 19

British boat that accidentally came into shore in RI a crowd from the town attacked, boarded and torched the ship

Question 20

Townshend Acts

Answer 20

taxed lead, glass, paper, tea, and paint

Question 21

Tea Act

Answer 21

British government imposes tax on colonies to help out East India Tea Co. monopoly

Question 22

writs of assistance

Answer 22

allowed search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling

Question 23

Boston Tea Party

Answer 23

Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea

Question 24

“Letters From a Farmer in PA”

Answer 24

protested the Townshend Acts, arguing that Parliament might regulate commerce and collect duties, but it had no right to levy taxes for revenue

Question 25

Lexington and Concord

Answer 25

Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war.

Question 26

Bunker Hill

Answer 26

the first important battle of the Revolutionary war, the British had their worst casualties during this war, but still took control of the hill

Question 27

1st Continental Congress

Answer 27

met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the Intolerable Acts

Question 28

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 28

took on governmental duties and united all the colonies for the war effort. On July 4, 1776, they adopted the Declaration of Independence.

Question 29

Olivia Branch Petition

Answer 29

colonies’ final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances
- rejected by Parliament

Question 30

Thomas Paine

Answer 30

published the bestseller Common Sense (sparked the spirit of independence)

Question 31

Tories

Answer 31

colonials who were loyal to the king during the American Revolution

Question 32

Valley Forge

Answer 32

site in Pennsylvania where George Washington and his Continental Army spent the winter, allowed them to regroup and retrain

Question 33

1783 Treaty of Paris

Answer 33

ended American Rev, British recognized the independence of the United States and granted it generous boundaries

Question 34

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Answer 34

petition to the king, demanded the repeal of the Coercive Acts

Question 35

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 35

Burgoyne sent an expedition to Bennington to capture American supplies and they later surrendered, turning point of the war + convinced France to aid the American cause

Question 36

Paxton Boys

Answer 36

upset by disputes over western land, lead to the killing 20 peaceful indians

Question 37

“virtual representation”

Answer 37

colonies and Ireland were represented in Parliament even though they didn’t get to elect their representatives

Question 38

non-importation agreements

Answer 38

agreements were the most effective form of protest against British policies in the colonies against things such as Stamp Act