Unit 2 Vocab (1754-1780s) Flashcards
French and Indian War
war fought for control of eastern North America between Britain and France, as well as Native American allies
Albany Congress
due to French threats on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to discuss 2 goals: 1) to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and 2) to coordinate defenses of colonies
Pontiac’s Rebellion
led by Ottowa chief Pontiac, opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area
deism
belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it
Ben Franklin
from MA, signed the DOI, traveled to France to ask for French support during the American Revolution, and helped write the Constitution
Proclamation of 1763
forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
closed the port of Boston, banned all town meetings, and put General Thomas Gage as the new governor of the colony
Adam Smith “Wealth of Nations”
Argued that money in and of itself did not constitute wealth wealth but merely its marker, advocated laissez-faire
Samuel Adams
started sons of liberty, organized Boston Tea Party, signed DOI
“The Cause and Necessity of Taking Up Arms”
a declaration that said that if needed the colonist could take up guns but they were still loyal to Britain
Sugar Act
it increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies
Quartering Act
required that certain colonies provide food and quarters to the British troops
Stamp Act
Parliament required that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, dice, and playing cards
Boston Massacre
incident in which British Army soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others
Crispus Attucks
one of the first men to die in the Boston Massacre
Sons of Liberty
violent group that often took matters into its own hands
Committee of Correspondence
created by the American colonies in order to maintain communication with one another
Declaratory Act
repealed the Stamp Act, reaffirmed Parliament’s right to “bind” the colonies
Gaspee incident
British boat that accidentally came into shore in RI a crowd from the town attacked, boarded and torched the ship
Townshend Acts
taxed lead, glass, paper, tea, and paint
Tea Act
British government imposes tax on colonies to help out East India Tea Co. monopoly
writs of assistance
allowed search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling
Boston Tea Party
Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea
“Letters From a Farmer in PA”
protested the Townshend Acts, arguing that Parliament might regulate commerce and collect duties, but it had no right to levy taxes for revenue
Lexington and Concord
Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war.
Bunker Hill
the first important battle of the Revolutionary war, the British had their worst casualties during this war, but still took control of the hill
1st Continental Congress
met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the Intolerable Acts
2nd Continental Congress
took on governmental duties and united all the colonies for the war effort. On July 4, 1776, they adopted the Declaration of Independence.
Olivia Branch Petition
colonies’ final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances
- rejected by Parliament
Thomas Paine
published the bestseller Common Sense (sparked the spirit of independence)
Tories
colonials who were loyal to the king during the American Revolution
Valley Forge
site in Pennsylvania where George Washington and his Continental Army spent the winter, allowed them to regroup and retrain
1783 Treaty of Paris
ended American Rev, British recognized the independence of the United States and granted it generous boundaries
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
petition to the king, demanded the repeal of the Coercive Acts
Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne sent an expedition to Bennington to capture American supplies and they later surrendered, turning point of the war + convinced France to aid the American cause
Paxton Boys
upset by disputes over western land, lead to the killing 20 peaceful indians
“virtual representation”
colonies and Ireland were represented in Parliament even though they didn’t get to elect their representatives
non-importation agreements
agreements were the most effective form of protest against British policies in the colonies against things such as Stamp Act
