Unit 1 Vocab (antiquity-1754) Flashcards
Iroquois Confederacy
most important and powerful Native American alliance, formed political org. to confront colonists
Mayflower Compact
the first agreement for self-government in America
House of Burgesses
first legislative assembly in the American colonies
Headright System
used as a way to attract new settlers and address the labor shortage by giving the settlers land when they brought indentured servants over
William Bradford
English Separatist leader, helped found the Plymouth Colony
Roger Williams
advocate of religious freedom + separation of church and state, expelled for spreading dangerous ideas
“freedom of conscience”
right to follow one’s own beliefs in the matters of religious and morality
Peter Zenger Trial
voiced his opinions on William Cosby in “NY Weekly Journal,” charged with libel but lawyers successfully argued that truth= defense against libel
indentured servants
people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years
Toleration Act
act passed that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, led to first amendment
Navigation Acts
series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for every country except Britain
Bacon’s Rebellion
armed rebellion in 1676 by VA settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Gov Berkeley
King Philip’s War
armed conflict between Native Americans of present-day New England + English colonists and their Native American allies
James Oglethorpe
led people from England to the New World, founded GA
Stono Rebellion
most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period
mercantilism
strengthen economy, protest industry and have a favorable balance of trade
George Whitefield
helped spread Great Awakening in colonies
“salutary neglect”
Britain’s unofficial policies, relaxes the enforcement of strict regulations such as trade laws
joint stock company
business entity where diff. stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders
starving time
one winter when three quarters of the English colonists in VA died of starvation or starvation related diseases
Lord Baltimore
established MD as a haven for Catholics
Puritans
group of English reformed Protestants, wanted to purify the Church of England from Roman Catholic practices
“city upon a hill”
how Winthrop envisioned Boston and wanted Boston to be imitated
Fundamental Orders
set up structure and powers of gov by the Conn. Rivers towns
Half-way Covenant
form of partial church membership created by New England
William Penn
man who began Quaker colony of PA
Treaty of Tordesillas
divided New World between Spain and Portugal
John Smith
admiral of New England, important in the establishment of Jamestown
Triangular Trade
trade between NE, Caribbean and Africa
Pequot War
armed conflict bet the Pequot tribe and MBC colonists, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonists + Native American alliances
Congregationalism
MBC, church system in which each local church served as the center of its own comm
Quakers
members of a group of religious Christian movements, mainly Christianity
The First Great Awakening
stressed importance of personal connection with Christ and salvation
“Columbian Exchange”
exchanges bet the New and Old World
-plants, animals, diseases, technology which transformed the life for Europeans and Native Americans
Virginia Company
joint stock company chartered by James I with the purpose of establishing settlements
John Rolfe
credited with cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in VA, Pocahontas’ husband
Proprietary Colony
type of British colony, all land belonged to the king and he was able to divide it
Great Migration
movement of 6M blacks out of the rural southern US to the urban Northwest, Midwest and West
John Winthrop
lead the first large wave of immigrants from England
“the New England way”
refers to the policy, relation to civil powers and general practices of the MBC churches
Anne Hutchinson
helped with the development of religious freedoms
Restoration colonies
one of the number of land grants in NA given by King Charles II of England
Johnathan Edwards
stirred Great Awakening, known for “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon
Enlightenment
dominated the world of ideas in Europe
GOAL OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS:
liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity and ending the abuses of the church/state.
