Unit 1 Vocab (antiquity-1754)

Question 1

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 1

most important and powerful Native American alliance, formed political org. to confront colonists

Question 2

Mayflower Compact

Answer 2

the first agreement for self-government in America

Question 3

House of Burgesses

Answer 3

first legislative assembly in the American colonies

Question 4

Headright System

Answer 4

used as a way to attract new settlers and address the labor shortage by giving the settlers land when they brought indentured servants over

Question 5

William Bradford

Answer 5

English Separatist leader, helped found the Plymouth Colony

Question 6

Roger Williams

Answer 6

advocate of religious freedom + separation of church and state, expelled for spreading dangerous ideas

Question 7

“freedom of conscience”

Answer 7

right to follow one’s own beliefs in the matters of religious and morality

Question 8

Peter Zenger Trial

Answer 8

voiced his opinions on William Cosby in “NY Weekly Journal,” charged with libel but lawyers successfully argued that truth= defense against libel

Question 9

indentured servants

Answer 9

people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years

Question 10

Toleration Act

Answer 10

act passed that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, led to first amendment

Question 11

Navigation Acts

Answer 11

series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for every country except Britain

Question 12

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 12

armed rebellion in 1676 by VA settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Gov Berkeley

Question 13

King Philip’s War

Answer 13

armed conflict between Native Americans of present-day New England + English colonists and their Native American allies

Question 14

James Oglethorpe

Answer 14

led people from England to the New World, founded GA

Question 15

Stono Rebellion

Answer 15

most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period

Question 16

mercantilism

Answer 16

strengthen economy, protest industry and have a favorable balance of trade

Question 17

George Whitefield

Answer 17

helped spread Great Awakening in colonies

Question 18

“salutary neglect”

Answer 18

Britain’s unofficial policies, relaxes the enforcement of strict regulations such as trade laws

Question 19

joint stock company

Answer 19

business entity where diff. stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders

Question 20

starving time

Answer 20

one winter when three quarters of the English colonists in VA died of starvation or starvation related diseases

Question 21

Lord Baltimore

Answer 21

established MD as a haven for Catholics

Question 22

Puritans

Answer 22

group of English reformed Protestants, wanted to purify the Church of England from Roman Catholic practices

Question 23

“city upon a hill”

Answer 23

how Winthrop envisioned Boston and wanted Boston to be imitated

Question 24

Fundamental Orders

Answer 24

set up structure and powers of gov by the Conn. Rivers towns

Question 25

Half-way Covenant

Answer 25

form of partial church membership created by New England

Question 26

William Penn

Answer 26

man who began Quaker colony of PA

Question 27

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 27

divided New World between Spain and Portugal

Question 28

John Smith

Answer 28

admiral of New England, important in the establishment of Jamestown

Question 29

Triangular Trade

Answer 29

trade between NE, Caribbean and Africa

Question 30

Pequot War

Answer 30

armed conflict bet the Pequot tribe and MBC colonists, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonists + Native American alliances

Question 31

Congregationalism

Answer 31

MBC, church system in which each local church served as the center of its own comm

Question 32

Quakers

Answer 32

members of a group of religious Christian movements, mainly Christianity

Question 33

The First Great Awakening

Answer 33

stressed importance of personal connection with Christ and salvation

Question 34

“Columbian Exchange”

Answer 34

exchanges bet the New and Old World

-plants, animals, diseases, technology which transformed the life for Europeans and Native Americans

Question 35

Virginia Company

Answer 35

joint stock company chartered by James I with the purpose of establishing settlements

Question 36

John Rolfe

Answer 36

credited with cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in VA, Pocahontas’ husband

Question 37

Proprietary Colony

Answer 37

type of British colony, all land belonged to the king and he was able to divide it

Question 38

Great Migration

Answer 38

movement of 6M blacks out of the rural southern US to the urban Northwest, Midwest and West

Question 39

John Winthrop

Answer 39

lead the first large wave of immigrants from England

Question 40

“the New England way”

Answer 40

refers to the policy, relation to civil powers and general practices of the MBC churches

Question 41

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 41

helped with the development of religious freedoms

Question 42

Restoration colonies

Answer 42

one of the number of land grants in NA given by King Charles II of England

Question 43

Johnathan Edwards

Answer 43

stirred Great Awakening, known for “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon

Question 44

Enlightenment

Answer 44

dominated the world of ideas in Europe

GOAL OF ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS:
liberty, progress, reason, tolerance, fraternity and ending the abuses of the church/state.