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PSY 1400 > Unit 2 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

we see that
presenting food into the dog’s mouth
causes the dog to salivate. Because
salivating happens without the dog having learned anything about environmental conditions that precede food delivery, we refer to food as an…

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

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2
Q

The salivating as a response of seeing food

A

Unconditioned Response (UR)

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3
Q

the sound of the tuning fork after being associated with food then getting rid if the food and just doing the tuning fork

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

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4
Q

the salivating as a response to the sound of the tuning fork and not food

A

Conditioned Response (CR)

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5
Q

the sound of the tuning fork

A

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

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6
Q

Psychologist who did the Little Albert study and is very important to classical conditioning (advertisements)

A

Watson

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7
Q

adding something (SR+)

presentation of a stimulus

increases behavior above a baseline

A

Positive Reinforcement

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8
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

adding something (SR+)

presentation of a stimulus

increases behavior above a baseline

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9
Q

They are observable stimulus changes that happen after behavior. Something is added after the behavior occurs.

A

Positive Reinforcer

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10
Q

An “if - then” relation between behavior and consequence

If the behavior occurs, then the reinforcer will be delivered

A

Contingency

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11
Q

Removal of, or prevention of an aversive stimulus. Increases the behavior above a baseline level

A

Negative Reinforcement

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12
Q

They are observable stimulus changes that happen after behavior. Something is removed or avoided as a result of the behavior.

A

Negative Reinforcer

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13
Q

taking action to terminate aversive stimulation

A

Escape Behavior

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14
Q

taking action to prevent encountering an aversive stimulus

A

Avoidance Behavior

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15
Q

Procedure in which an event that follows a behavior is stopped and the rate of the behavior decreases

A

Extinction

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16
Q

Temporary increase in the rate of the extinguished behavior

A

Extinction Burst

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17
Q

Behavior that is reinforced every time undergoes rapid extinction. Intermittently reinforced behavior takes longer to undergo extinction.

A

Partial-Reinforcement Effect

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18
Q

A procedure involving two or more physically different behaviors; one behavior is reinforced, and all other behaviors are extinguished

A

Differential Reinforcement

19
Q

When they use it to reinforce any behavior that is an alternative to undesirable behavior but not incompatible.

A

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

20
Q

When they use it to reinforce any behavior that is not the extinction behavior.

A

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

21
Q

When they use it to reinforce behavior incompatible with an undesirable behavior.

A

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

e.g. parents praise for eating with good manner, incompatible with eating like a slob

22
Q

Is appropriate when the behavior is not a problem, but the rate is unacceptable low.

A

Differential Reinforcement of High Rate Behavior (DRH)

23
Q

Is appropriate when the behavior is not a problem, but the rate is unacceptable high

A

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Behavior (DRL)

24
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

A procedure involving two or more physically different behaviors; one behavior is reinforced, and all other behaviors are extinguished

1 stimulus, 2 behaviors

knowing HOW to behave in a situation

25
Q

the differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior

A

Shaping

26
Q

steps towards the target behavior

behaviors increasingly similar to the target behavior

A

Successive Approximations

e.g. “duh,” “da,” and “da…da” are successive approximations to “dada”

27
Q

The standard for reinforcement changes. A behavior that was reinforced no longer produces the reinforcer.

A

Changing Criteria

e.g. used to get a reinforcer for saying “duh,” but now there is no reinforcer for that, only for saying “dada”

28
Q

The goal of the shaping behavior

A

Target Behavior

29
Q

Shaping

A

the differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior

30
Q

Consists of: reinforcing a behavior in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus ad extinguishing it in the presence of another antecedent stimulus

A

Discrimination Training

2 situations, 1 behavior

know WHEN to engage in a specific behavior

31
Q

Discrimination Training

A

Consists of: reinforcing a behavior in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus ad extinguishing it in the presence of another antecedent stimulus

32
Q

a stimulus in the presence of which a response is reinforced and in the absence of which goes unreinforced

A

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

33
Q

Is a stimulus in the presence of which the behavior has a history of extinction.

A

S-Delta (SΔ)

34
Q

??????

A

Stimulus Control

35
Q

Three-Term Contingency

A

Antecedent Behavior Reinforcer

SD/SΔ Operant Behavior Reinforcer/No reinforcer

36
Q

Must deliver the reinforcer at the time the desired behavior occurs

A

Immediacy

37
Q

Delivering an event only when the desired behavior occurs

A

Contingency

38
Q

Must ensure the amount is worthwhile

A

Size

39
Q

Change in environment to make a reinforcer more desirable

A

Establishing Operation (EO)

40
Q

Establishing Operation (EO)

2 requirements

A

Change in environment to make a reinforcer more desirable

1) value altering function
2) increases the probability of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past

check PP once it’s posted

41
Q

A consequence that maintains behavior.

No learning required for this consequence to serve as a reinforcer.

A

Primary Reinforcer

42
Q

A consequent stimulus that acquires reinforcing properties during the lifetime of the organism.

A

Conditioned Reinforcers

one back up

43
Q

A type of conditioned reinforcers that has multiple back up reinforcers

A

Generalized Reinforcers

PSY 1400 (18 decks)

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