Chapter 4: Positive and Negative Reinforcement

Question 1

positive

Answer 1

adding something (SR+)

presentation of a stimulus

increases behavior above a baseline

Question 2

negative

Answer 2

take away something (SR-)

removal or prevention of an aversive stimulus

increases behavior above a baseline level

Question 3

Two categories of negative

Answer 3

escape: taking action to terminate aversive stimulation (SRe-)
avoidance: taking action to prevent encountering an aversive stimulus (SRa-)

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

procedure in which an event that follows a behavior is stopped and the rate of behavior decreases

Question 5

What are the two key elements of extinction?

Answer 5

1) stopping the delivery of a reinforcer

2) decrease in the rate of behavior

Question 6

Extinction of Positive Behavior

Answer 6

A B C |

Stop the addition of the reinforcer

Question 7

Extinction of Negative Behavior

Answer 7

A B C |

The negative reinforcer still occurs, it isn’t prevented.

Question 8

extinction-induced variability

Answer 8

is the change in the topography of an operant response following extinction. Trying different behaviors to make the reinforcer happen.

Question 9

extinction-burst

Answer 9

temporary increase in the rate of the extinguisher behavior

Question 10

extinction-induced resurgence

Answer 10

When one behavior is extinguished, old behaviors that were previously reinforced are emitted again

Question 11

extinction-induced aggression

Answer 11

feeling aggression and frustration towards the lack of the behavior making the consequence

Question 12

Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE)

Answer 12

behavior that is reinforced every time undergoes rapid extinction

intermittently reinforced behavior take LONGER to undergo extinction

Question 13

What are the 4 guidelines for extinction?

Answer 13

1) begin by identifying the reinforcer that maintains behavior
2) can you eliminate the reinforcer?
3) is extinction safe to use?
4) can an extinction burst be tolerated?