Unit 2 L7 Gas Transport

Question 1

O2 is carried in the blood in 2 forms

Answer 1

Dissolved

Bound to hemoglobin

Question 2

PAO2 defintion

Answer 2

Alveolar partial pressure of oxygen

Question 3

PaO2 defintiion

Answer 3

Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (dissolved)

Question 4

SaO2 definition

Answer 4

Oxygehmoglobin or hemoglobin saturation, so the percentage of hemoglobin sites with oxygen bound. This is dictated by PaO2 and PvO2

Question 5

CaO2 definition

Answer 5

Oxygen content, oxygen concentration. Total oxygen in the blood per unit volume, aka dissolved oxygen + oxyhemoglobin

Question 6

How can we go from PAO2 to total oxygen in the blood?

Answer 6

PAO2 gives us PaO2, which gives us SaO2, which gives us CaO2. In other words, PO2 –> [O2] dissolved –> O2-Hb% –> total oxygen in blood

Question 7

The amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood dictates ______

Answer 7

How much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin

Question 8

PO2 does not directly tell us what

Answer 8

How much oxygen is in the blood

Question 9

Dissolved oxygen is measured clinically as

Answer 9

PaO2

Question 10

Henry’s law of gas solubility

Answer 10

C = KHP

Question 11

Dissolved oxygen gives us how much O2 per min

Answer 11

15 mL O2 per min

Question 12

How much oxygen do we need per minute

Answer 12

250 mL O2/min

Question 13

Is dissolved O2 alone enough for us to live

Answer 13

lol no

Question 14

If we have 100% oxygen, does that give the dissolved oxygen enough to be what we need

Answer 14

lol no

Question 15

Hemoglobin has how many heme groups

Answer 15

4

Question 16

Oxygenated blood is what color

Answer 16

R E D

Question 17

Deoxygenated blood is what color

Answer 17

B L U E

Question 18

Tense state

Answer 18

No oxygen bound, low affinity for oxygen

Question 19

Relaxed state

Answer 19

Oxygen bound, high affinity

Question 20

Oxygen binding is what kind of binding

Answer 20

Cooperative

Question 21

Arterial blood Hb saturation is what percentage

Answer 21

98%

Question 22

Venous blood Hb saturation is what percentage

Answer 22

75%

Question 23

At PO2 > 60, what kind of changes are there in Hb saturation

Answer 23

Small changes in Hb saturation. Facilitates normal O2 transport to organs/cells

Question 24

At PO2 < 60 mmHg, small changes in pressure lead to what

Answer 24

Release of large amounts of O2. Facilitates release to organs/cells

Question 25

What is the significant threshold for hypoxemia intervention

Answer 25

60 mmHg

Question 26

Left shift of the Hb curve means what for O2 binding

Answer 26

Increased Hb-O2 binding

Question 27

Right shift for Hb curve means what for O2 binding

Answer 27

Decreased Hb-O2 bidning

Question 28

What will shift the curve left

Answer 28

Decrease in temp, PCO2, and 2,3-DPG | Increase in pH

Question 29

What will shift the curve right

Answer 29

Increase in temp, PCO2, and 2,3-DPG | Decrease in pH

Question 30

What is the cheat code

Answer 30

As factor X increases, Hb binding of oxygen decrease (temp, CO2, H+, 2,3-DPG) Everything except CO

Question 31

2,3-DPG will what

Answer 31

Preferentially bind to de-oxygenated Hb and decreases affinity of Hb for oxygen

Question 32

What factors together provide the greatest shift of the Hb curve?

Answer 32

CO2 and DPG together

Question 33

Affinity of CO for Hb is _________ compared to affinity of O2

Answer 33

> 200 times greater compared to affinity of O2

Question 34

In the presence of CO, what happens to O2

Answer 34

Affinity for O2 is enhanced and unloading is prevented

Question 35

CO will force Hb into what state

Answer 35

The relaxed state, so higher affinity for O2

Question 36

Sickle cell disease

Answer 36

Single AA substitution in beta chain, HbS is normal with oxygen, will crystalize at low oxygen

Question 37

Hemoglobin and diabetes

Answer 37

Hemoglobin A1c, so increased blood glucose means more G6P, so more glycosylated Hb

Question 38

PaO2 > 80 mmHg means what

Answer 38

HYPOXEMIA

Question 39

PaO2 = 60 mmHg means what

Answer 39

DANGER !!!

Question 40

What is just as dangerous as altering your oxygen intake

Answer 40

Altering Hb saturation

Question 41

To calculate the oxygen content in the arterial blood (CaO2)

Answer 41

Multiply O2 capacity by the SO2

Question 42

Normal blood has what content at 100% saturation

Answer 42

20.1 mL O2/100 mL at SO2 100%

Question 43

CO2 is carried in the blood in 3 forms

Answer 43

Dissolved Bicarbonate Carbamino compounds

Question 44

Is there more dissolved CO2 or O2?

Answer 44

There is 20 times more dissolved CO2 than O2

Question 45

Increasing PO2 does what for Hb affinity for CO2

Answer 45

Decreases Hb affinity for Co2

Question 46

Decreasing PO2 does what for Hb affinity for CO2

Answer 46

Increases

Question 47

Haldane effect

Answer 47

Effect of O2 on Hb to increase/decrease CO2 binding. Unloading of CO2 in lungs

Question 48

Bohr effect

Answer 48

Effect of CO2 on Hb to increase/decrease O2 binding. Unloading of O2 in tissue

Question 49

Anemic hypoxia is what

Answer 49

Reduction in capacity of blood to carry oxygen

Question 50

Diffusion hypoxia

Answer 50

Reduction in circulation and subsequent oxygen delivery

Question 51

Histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 51

Tissues are poisoned, not able to use oxygen