Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FHB Mikayla > Unit 2, L11 Renal Clearance > Flashcards

Unit 2, L11 Renal Clearance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the one input which we consider the kidney input load?

A

The arterial plasma load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three output loads

A

Venous, ureter, and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of a load

A

A load of any substance is always the product of its concentration times the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Equation for load

A

Load (mg/min) = concentration (mg/mL) * Flow (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pax is what

A

Arterial plasma concentration of substance X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PVx is what

A

Venous plasma concentration of substance X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

UX is what

A

Urine concentration of substance X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lx is what

A

Renal lymph concentration of substance X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RBF stands for

A

Renal blood flow (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RPF stands for

A

Renal plasma flow (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GFR stands for

A

Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RLF stands for

A

Renal lymph flow (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

V with a dot above it stands for

A

Urine flow rate (mL/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C stands for

A

Clearance, mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

[P] stands for

A

Concentration in plasma, in mg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

[U] stands for

A

Concentration in urine, mg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal value for GFR

A

120-125 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal value for RPF

A

660 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal value for RBF

A

1200 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renal input load needs to equal renal output load, what is the equation for this, when adding in all the individual loads of the kidney?

A

Arterial plasma load X = Ureter load X + Venous load X + Lymphatic load X

Pax * RPFa = Ux * V (dot) + Pvx * RPFv + Lx *RLF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What adjustments can we make to the mass balance equation? and what is the new equation?

A

Ignore the lymphatic node and venous load. New equation is Pax * RPFa = Ux * V (with a dot)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the definition of clearance

A

The volume of plasma completely cleared of any substance in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What if the clearance equation

A

Cx = Ux * V (dot) / Px

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the range of values for clearance?

A

From 0 mL/min to 660 mL/min, aka RPF

25
Q

Filtered load of substance X is the product of

A

Glomerular filtrate flow times the concentration of X in the plasma

26
Q

Excreted load of substance X is the product of

A

Urine flow times the concentration of X in the urine

Ex (mg/min) = Ux (mg/mL) * V (dot) urine (mL/min)

27
Q

Clearance is the _________ rate divided by the __________ concentration

A

Excretion rate divided by the plasma concentration

Cx (mL/min) = Ex (mg/min) / Px (mg/mL)

28
Q

What is the GFR

A

Volume of filtrate per unit time in the kidney, it is the rate of volume going through the glomerulus.

29
Q

What is a good index of renal function?

A

GFR

30
Q

Why can we use inulin?

A

Because inulin in the plasma is freely filtered by the glomerulus, and its neither secreted from nor reabsorbed into the renal capillary blood, so the clearance of this substance is an accurate measurement of GFR

31
Q

What is the clearance equation for inulin

A

F = E (since S and R = 0)

Px (mg/mL) * GFR (mL/min) = Ux (mg/mL) * V (dot) urine (mL/min) and X is inulin

32
Q

Clearance of inulin will equal what

A

GFR

33
Q

What are the advantages of inulin

A

It is freely filtered, neither reabsorbed nor secreted
It is not bound by plasma proteins and its not produced or consumed by the kidneys
It is nontoxic
It is easily and accurately quantified in plasma and urine (measurable)

34
Q

Disadvantages of Inulin

A

Must be infused to obtain constant blood titers

It is expensive

35
Q

What is creatinine

A

An end-product of muscle metabolism

36
Q

Amount filtered and excreted of creatinine

A

Amount creatinine filtered < amount creatinine excreted (by 10%), so F < E

37
Q

Advantages of creatinine

A

It is freely filtered, its not bound to any plasma proteins and its not produced or consumed by the kidneys
It is easily and accurately quantified in plasma and urine
It is constantly being “infused” to obtain constant blood titers
It is free and doesn’t need to be purchased

38
Q

Disadvantages of creatinine

A

It is not reabsorbed but 10% is secreted, but this is corrected by the over estimation (10%) of the plasma concentration of creatinine

39
Q

What is the relationship between GFR and plasma creatinine

A

Inverse relationship, so the more GFR, the less plasma creatinine and vice versa

40
Q

If the GFR falls from 120 to 60 mL/min, what will happen to the plasma creatinine concentration

A

Increase from 1 to 2 mg/dL to keep filtration of creatinine and its excretion equal to production rate

41
Q

What are the three markers for GFR?

A

Plasma (serum) creatinine
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
BUN:Creatinine ratio

42
Q

What do you have to keep in mind for creatinine

A

A young muscular man will have a higher plasma creatinine than an older woman with reduced muscle mass

43
Q

Where does BUN come from

A

Break down product of muscle catabolism, sign of metabolism

44
Q

Normal ranges for BUN

A

9 to 18 mg/dL

45
Q

What is the ratio between BUN and creatinine

A

10:1 ratio

46
Q

What can the BUN:creatinine ratios be indicitive of

A

Volume contraction

47
Q

Renal plasma flow is estimated by measuring what

A

PAH, which is infused intravenously

48
Q

Advantages of PAH

A

Freely filtered, not reabsorbed, it is secreted and 90% is excreted, and its nearly completely cleared from all the plasma

49
Q

What is the disadvantage of PAH

A

10% of PAH is retained in the venous system

50
Q

How can we cancel the venous sample out of the equation for renal plasma flow

A

The equation is RPF = Upah * V (dot) / (Papah - Pvpah) but its hard to sample the renal venous blood so we use the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) to cancel the venous sample

51
Q

What is the equation for clearance of PAH and what is the normal value for ERPF

A

Cpah (mL/min) = U pah * V (dot) / Papah, and since Cpah = ERPF, its about 660 mL/min

52
Q

PAH is only ERPF at what kind of concentrations

A

Low concentrations

53
Q

If Cx = GFR, what is happening with F, E, R, and S, and what example did we learn about in class?

A

If Cx = GFR, then X is only F and E, not R or S. This is inulin

54
Q

If Cx < GFR, what does that mean for F, E, R, and S?

A

X is F, E, and R, not S

55
Q

If Cx > GFR, what does that mean for F, E, R, and S?

A

X is F, E, and S, not R

56
Q

If clearance of X is zero, what does that mean for F, E, R, and S?

A

If X is freely filtered and totally reabsorbed, so only F and R, OR there is no F, its not filtered at all

57
Q

What is the filtration fraction

A

The ratio between the GFR and the RPF, the fraction of the RPF that is filtered by the glomerular capillaries

58
Q

What is the value for a normal FF

A

About 20%

FHB Mikayla (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions