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FHB Mikayla > Unit 2, L4 Ventilation > Flashcards

Unit 2, L4 Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for Ventilation

A

V = Frequency * volume so 15/min * 500 mL = 7.5 L/min

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2
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Pressure-volume law. The volume of a given gas varies inversely with the applied pressure when temperature and mass are constant

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3
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Temperature volume law. The volume of a given amount of gas held at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature

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4
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

Pressure-temperature law. The pressure of a given amount of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature

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5
Q

Combined gas law

A

The ratio between the pressure-volume product and the temperature remains constant.

(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

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6
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

Volume-amount law. If the amount of gas in a container is increased, the volume increases

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7
Q

The ideal gas law

A

The state of an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature
PV=nRT

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8
Q

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

A

The total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases is the sum of their individual partial pressures

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9
Q

Amagat’s law of partial volumes

A

The volume of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the component volumes of each individual component

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10
Q

Henry’s law of Gas Solubility

A

The concentration of a solute gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the solution

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11
Q

Henry’s Law of gas solubility and gas in solution example

A

Concentration is equal to partial pressure of gas above solution and stays constant. Exact relationship, so if he tells us there is 100 mmHg of pO2 above the solution, we know there is exactly 0.13 mM of oxygen dissolved in the solution

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12
Q

PAO2 definition and value

A

Alveolar partial pressure of oxygen, 100 mmHg

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13
Q

PaO2 definition and value

A

Arterial partial pressure of oxygen, 95 mmHg

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14
Q

PvO2 definition and value

A

Venous partial pressure of oxygen, 40 mmHg

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15
Q

Composition of ambient air

A

Mostly nitrogen, oxygen

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16
Q

Gas fractions

A

Sum of individual gas fractions = 1

1 = FN2 + FO2 + etc

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17
Q

Partial pressures (Dalton)

A

Sum of partial pressures = Total pressure

18
Q

Barometric pressure is what value

A

760 mmHg at sea level

19
Q

At sea level, what is the pressure equation?

A

P atm = 760 mmHg = PN2 + PO2 + etc

20
Q

Partial pressure of N2 in atmospheric air

A

Its 79% N2, so 760 mmHg * 0.79 = 600 mmHg

21
Q

Partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air

A

21% O2, so 760 * 0.21 = 160 mmHg

22
Q

Our atmospheric water vapor pressure is

A

160 mmHg O2

23
Q

Equation for water vapor pressure

A

PIo2 = (Patm - P water) * FO2

150 mmHg = (760 mmHg - 47 mmHg) * 0.21

24
Q

Water vapor pressure is always what value

A

47 mmHg

25
Q

Ideal alveolar oxygen equation

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is the partial pressure of oxygen that enters the alveoli minus the partial pressure of oxygen that leaves the alveoli.

PAO2 = PO2 entering - PO2 leaving 
PaO2 = PiO2 - PACO2/R

The partial pressure of oxygen leaving the alveoli is the partial pressure of alveolar CO2 (PACO2) divided by the respiratory quotient (R)

26
Q

Respiratory Quotient R is what, and what is the standard R

A

The ratio of CO2 eliminated to O2 consumed. Standard R for mixed diet is about 0.8

27
Q

Ideal alveolar oxygen equation

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - PACO2/R

100 mmHg = 150 mmHg - (40 mmHg/0.8)

28
Q

If you breathe 100% oxygen, what is the PAO2 (PACO2 is 45 mmHg, R is 0.8)

A 
PAO2 = ((Patm-Pwater)*FO2)-PACO2/R
X = ((760-47)*1.0)-45/0.8
X = 713-56
X = 657 mmHg
29
Q

The amount of CO2 in the alveoli is _________ to the amount of CO2 produced by the tissue, and _________ to the ventilation rate

A

The amount of CO2 in the alveoli is directly proportional to the amount of CO2 produced by the tissue, and indirectly proportional to the ventilation rate

30
Q

Alveolar ventilation equation

A

Va = VCO2/PCO2 * K

Va = Alveolar ventilation rate
VCO2 = Rate of carbon dioxide exhalation 
PCO2 = Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide
31
Q

Doubling ventilation will __________ PCO2

A

Halve PCO2

32
Q

Halving ventilation rate will __________ PCO2

A

Double PCO2

33
Q

Alveolar CO2 is determined by _________ and ________

A

Metabolism and ventilation (rate of elimination)

34
Q

More ventilation occurs at ________ of the lungs than at the ______ of the lungs

A

More ventilation occurs at the base of the lungs than at the top of the lugns

35
Q

Pleural pressure at the ___________ of the lungs is ___________ than pleural pressure at the __________ of the lungs

A

Pleural pressure at the bottom of the lungs is a little bit greater than pleural pressure at the top of the lung

36
Q

Single Breath Nitrogen Test

A

Patient breaths in 100% O2 to TLC and didn’t breathe in any N2, but there was already N2 in the lungs from previous breaths. Initial breath out is 100% O2, then some N2 starts to come out with the mixture. Most of the lung is when you see a mixture of O2 and N2. Alveoli are slow to empty or the airways that are closed off to the O2 breathe will be at the very end, this is basically only N2. This is telling you that the O2 you inhaled didn’t make it into those spaces

37
Q

Ventilation equations

A

Vt = VD + VA

VA = Vt - Vd

38
Q

How to measure anatomic dead space

A

Fowler’s method, a single breath of oxygen. Breathe in 100% O2, mix with N2 that is already in the lungs, and some will stay at 100% in the conducting zone, and can measure the amount of N2 that is let out

39
Q

Physiological dead space definition

A

Total volume of gas that does not participate in gas exchange. Anatomic dead space + alveolar dead space (ventilated but not perfused)

40
Q

Measuring physiological dead space

A

Borh’s method, expired CO2. Measuring Co2 that comes out of the expired air, so breathing in CO2-free air, mix with lungs, and CO2 free air will stay in anatomic dead space. CO2 from alveolar space will be mixed in and we can measure that when it comes out

41
Q

Equation for measuring physiological dead space using Borh’s method

A 
VD = Vt * (PACO2-PECO2)/PACO2 
VD = 500 * (40-28)/40
VD = 150 mL

FHB Mikayla (26 decks)

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