All the GI Cards Flashcards
4 major physiological processes
Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
What is motility
Consequence of contractions of layers of smooth muscle cells in the GI tract, will break down food size and increase surface area for chemical digestion by enzymes
Major functional segements of the GI tract
Mouth and pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) Large Intestine (colons) Rectum Anus
Associated glandular organs
Salivary Pancreas Liver Gall Bladder Endocrine Glands or Cells
All the sphincters in the GI system
Upper esophageal Lower esophageal Pyloric Sphincter of Oddi Ileocecal Internal and External Anal
Three major arteries supply the abdominal organs, what are they and what organs do they supply
Celiac artery: Liver, spleen, and stomach
Superior mesenteric artery: Pancreas, small intestine, and proximal colon
Inferior mesenteric artery: Distal colon
Layers of the gut wall
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
Mucosa is located where and is made up of what
Innermost layer and made of epithelium, the lamina propria, and muscularis mucosaw
Absorptive enterocytes
Play a vital role in digestion and absorption
Enteroendocrine cells
Releases regulatory peptides, amines, regulates GI function
Gastric mucosal cells
Produces protons
Mucin-producing cells all throughout
Produce mucin (glycoprotein)
Function of esophageal epithelium and cell type involved
Transportation of swallowed food and squamous cells
Function of intestinal epithelium and cell type involved
Absorption or selective uptake of nutrients, ions, water, and columnar typed
Where is the zone of intestinal stem cells
The crypts, where the proliferated cells are localized
What happens to the microvillia in Celiac disease
Flattened villi, reduced surface area, thus malabsorption and malnutrition
Lamina Propria
Under the epithelium, has connective tissue (collagen and elastin fibrils), and its rich in glands, contains lymph vessels and nodes, capillaries, and nerve fibers
Muscularis mucosae
Thin layer of smooth muscle cells in a folding configuration caused by contractions
Submucosa
Layer after mucosa, consists of collagen and elastin. Glands are present in some regions, large nerve trunks and large blood and lymph vessels are present
Muscularis externa or muscularis propria
Has 2 layers of smooth muscle cells, an inner circular muscle layer and an outer longitudinal muscle layer
