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HIGHER BIOLOGY > Unit 2 KA3 Metabolic Rate & KA4 conformer And Regulator > Flashcards

Unit 2 KA3 Metabolic Rate & KA4 conformer And Regulator Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is an organisms metabolic rate

A

Is the amount of energy expended by that organisms in a given time period

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2
Q

How can someone’s metabolic rate be compared

A

By measuring oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and energy output in thr form of heat

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3
Q

What does indirect calorimetry

A

Measures the respiration in an organism by measuring 02 uptake or CO2 production

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4
Q

In a respirometer what direction does the liquid go

A

Will move towards the organisms

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5
Q

When the organisms is more active what happens to the energy

A

Higher engery cost

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6
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The energy required by an organism at rest

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7
Q

BMR is measured in

A

Oxygen consumed

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8
Q

Do mammals and birds have a High metabolic rate or low?

A

High

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9
Q

Do mammals and birds have a higher metabolic rate then fish and reptiles

A

Yes

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10
Q

Do fish have a High or low metabolic rate

A

Low

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11
Q

What is required for aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

What do organisms with higher metabolic rate need?

A

They need efficient delivery of O2 to their cells

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13
Q

What is the heart responsible for

A

Delivery oxygen to the cells

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14
Q

What direction do the arteries go

A

Away from the heart

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15
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

To carry blood away from the heart

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16
Q

What is the pressure of arteries

A

High

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17
Q

What direction is the capillaries

A

Close to the tissue

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18
Q

What is the function of the capillaries

A

Allow oxygen to pass from the blood stream into tissue build around the cells and carbon dioxide to go from fluid to the bloodstream

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19
Q

What is the pressure of capillaries

A

Low

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20
Q

What direction to the veins go

A

Towards the heart

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21
Q

What is the function of the veins

A

To carry blood to the heart

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22
Q

What is the pressure in the vein

A

Low

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23
Q

What are the two types of chambers

A

Atria
Ventricals

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24
Q

Atria

A

Where blood enters the heart

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25
Q

Ventricals

A

Where blood leaves the heart

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26
Q

What do all vertbrates have?

A

A complete circulatory system where the blood is contained in a continuous circuit of blood vessels

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27
Q

Do fish have a single or double circulation

A

Single

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28
Q

Do fish have a High or low metabolic rate

A

Low

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29
Q

How is the fish low pressured aided

A

By the body movement when swimming

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30
Q

How is the fish low pressured aided

A

By the body movement when swimming

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31
Q

In a double circulatory system, how many times does the blood pass through the heart

A

Twice

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32
Q

What circulatory system do amphibians and reptiles

A

Incomplete double circulatory system

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33
Q

How many atrium do amphibians and reptiles have

A

2

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34
Q

How many ventrials do amphibians and reptiles have

A

1

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35
Q

What happens in a double circulatory that is incomplete

A

Since it only has one ventrial so oxygened blood mixes with deoxygenated blood.

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36
Q

What type of system do mammals and birds

A

Complete double circulatory system

37
Q

How many chambers are their in a complete septum

A

4

38
Q

Why is a complete system more effective

A

Because their is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygened blood

39
Q

What does complete double circulatory system enable

A

A higher metabolic rate to be maintained

40
Q

How does having a complete system help warm blooded animals exist

A

Oxygen is delivered to respiring tissues which release heat and jeep the body warm in endothermic organisms

41
Q

What is the metabolic rate affected by

A

By external abiotic factors

42
Q

3 abiotic factors

A

Temperature, pH, salinity

43
Q

What are conformers

A

Are organisms that are dependent on their external environment

44
Q

What are regulators

A

They are organisms that can regulate their internal environment and maintain a steady rate regardless of their surrounding

45
Q

Do conformers have a High or low metabolic cost

A

Low

46
Q

Why do conformers have a low metabolic cost

A

Because they do not need energy to keep their internal environment at a steady state

47
Q

Why are conformers restricted

A

Because they have a narrow range of ecological niches

48
Q

Are conformers adaptable to change

A

They are less adaptable

49
Q

Why are conformers less adaptable to chnage

A

Because they have a narrow range of ecological niches

50
Q

Conformers example

A

Lizard
Snake
Desert lizard

51
Q

How to regulators control their internal environment

A

They use physiological responses

52
Q

What is the regulation of of regulators internal environment called

A

Homeostasis

53
Q

Do regulators have a High or low metabolic cost

A

High

54
Q

Why do regulators have a High metabolic cost

A

They have to expend energy generated by uts metabolism on the physiological mechanism needed to maintain its inner steady state

55
Q

Are regulators adapble

A

Yes they can exploit a wide range of ecological niches

56
Q

The range that an organism can survive in can be plotted as what

A

A tolerance curve

57
Q

What does a complete conformer look like on a graph

A

Straight line with increasing gradient

58
Q

What does a regular look like on a graph

A

Roughly straight horizontal line

59
Q

Why is a conformer a straight line on a graph

A

Internal temperature varied with the external temperature

60
Q

Why is a regulator a horizontal straight line on a graph

A

The internal environment reminds the same regardless on external change

61
Q

Why will conformers have a narrow range of habitat

A

Their metabolism is dependent on external temperatures

62
Q

The regulator will have a wider habitat range because

A

Their metabolism will function optimally regardless of External temperatures

63
Q

Do conformers or regulators have high energy cost

A

Regulators

64
Q

What do regulators maintain

A

Homeostasis

65
Q

How do regulators maintain a homeostasis

A

Negative feedback loops

66
Q

A factor can increase or decrease from its norm ot set point what sensed it

A

Receptors

67
Q

What do the receptors do

A

Sent messages to the effectors

68
Q

What do effectors do

A

They bring about a corrective response to lower or raise the factor back to its norm or set point

69
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

Maintaining a steady internal temperature regardless of external

70
Q

What are the receptors for temperature

A

Hypothalamus

71
Q

What is the temperature monitoring centre

A

Hypothalamus

72
Q

What are the signals / messages carrier by

A

Nerves

73
Q

What happens if the sweat gland if hot

A

It will relases more sweat which cool the body as it takes heat to evaporate it form the skin surface

74
Q

If cold what does the sweat gland do

A

Release less swear to cut down evaporation

75
Q

What are the fat layers for

A

Acts as insulation

76
Q

What does the hair do when it’s cold

A

If cols erector muscle contracts pulling hair upright - trapping a layer of air acting as an insulator

77
Q

When their is an increase in body temperature what are the corrective measures

A

Sweating, vasodilatiom ans relaxed erector muscles

78
Q

When their is an decrease in body temperature what are the corrective measures

A

Shivering, vasoconstriction , contraction of erector muscles and decrease in sweating

79
Q

What is thermoregulation important for

A

Optimal enzyme activity and fast diffusion rates to maintain metabolism

80
Q

What is vasodilation

A

Arterioles close to the skin become dilated. This allowed blood to flow near the surface of skin. Blood will lode hear by radiation

81
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Arterioles close to the skin become constricted. This allowed small volumes of blood to flow to the surface. Little heat is lost by radiation

82
Q

Arterioles

A

Small blood vessels under the surface of the skin

83
Q

Shivering

A

Uncontrolled contractionbof muscles generates heat to increase body temperature

84
Q

Sweating

A

Heat energy gtom the body us used to convert the water into sweat to water vapour and this lowers the body temperature

85
Q

Metabolic rate

A

Increase to increase the body temperature by producing heat energy.

86
Q

Hair erection

A

Hair erector muscles contract and raise hair from the surface. This allows air to be trapped between skin and hair and provides insulation and reduces heat loss.

87
Q

Why is it important for the temperature to be regulated

A

To allow enzymes to operate under optimum conditions and high diffusion rates

88
Q

What are the two conditions that maintain metabolism

A

Temperature high diffusion rate

89
Q

Exmaole of a conformer behaviour

A

Basking on rocks

HIGHER BIOLOGY (9 decks)

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