Key area 7 And 8 Flashcards
What is biodiversity
The total variation among all living things on earth.
What are biodiversity measurements are useful for
To help monitor chnage and to access which areas and species should be supported
What are the 3 main measurable components
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Genetic diversity
The number and frequency of all the alleles within a population
Why is it important to maintain genetic diversity
If one of the species dies out then the species may lose some of it genetic diversity. The loss of genetic diversity will limit the ability of them to adapt to changing conditions
What does the loss of genetic diversity cause
Not as able to adapt to changing conditions
Species diversity species richness
The number of different species existing in a given ecosystem
Relative abundance species diversity
The proportion of each species in the ecosystem
Certain species are known to have a naturally lower diversity
They can still remain viable
The bottleneck event
Is one that drastically reduces yhr size of a population
What is the causes a bottleneck population
Environmental disaster
Hunting of a species to the point of extinction
Habitat destruction resulting in deaths of organisms
Explain how a dominant species can reduce species diversity even is not species richness
If there is a dominant species In a community then their will be a Lowe species diversity, than one with the same species richness but no particular dominant species
Ecosystem diversity
The number of distinct ecosystem within a defined area.
What does overexploitation population do
It reduces biodiversity
What does overexploitation mean
They use up resources faster than they xan be replaced
Examples of overexploitation
Over hunting of whales
Overfishing
What are the hippo factors
Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Population increase
Pollution
Over- harvesting
Example of habitat destruction
Scottish wildcat
Invasive
Red squirrel
Example for Population
Red- backed shrike
Example for pollution
Slender stonewort
Over-harvesting
Right whales
What can cause a bottleneck effect
Environmental disaster
Hunting of a species to the point of extinction
Habitat destruction resulting in death of organisms
What is the size of a bottleneck population
They are a small population
What is the result of loss of any genetic diversity.
They need the genetic diversity got evolutionary responses to environmental change
What does inbreeding cause
Causes poor reproductive rates
What are problems associated with low genetic diversity
Low survival rate
Very susceptible to disease
Low reproductive rate
Habitat fraemtation is
A results of the cleaning of loads of habitats.
What is habitat fragments
Is when the habitat is broken up into smaller fragments
What does fragmentation lead to
Loss of biodiversity
How does edge degradation lead too
Your interior species decrease since their Is less interior space.
What happens to competition when the species fragments become smaller
Increase
What is a habitat corridor
Is a narrow strip of land that is left undeveloped to allow species to move between fragments
What are the benefits to habitat corridors
Free movement between fragments
Improved access to food
Increased choice of mates
May lead to recolonisation of smaller fragments after local extinction
What is a naturalised species
Species that become established within wild communities
Example of habitat fragments causes
Building of roads
What does degradation cause
Increase competition
Bottleneck points for extended answer
Lower diversity
Occurs in small populations
Less able to adapt
Introduced species
Humans have moved species into a new geographical locations
Example of introduced species
Rhododendron
Example of naturalised species
American mink
Invasive species
Naturalised species that spread rapidly and eliminate native species by out competing
Example of an invasive species
Japanese knotweed
Invasive species are free of
Predators
Competition
Parasites
How can invasive species lower thr number or native species
Preying on the native species
Out-competing with the native speieces
Hybridsing with the native species
