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Medical Terminology > Unit 2 - Chapter 13 - Blood Systems > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Chapter 13 - Blood Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of blood

A

transports foods, gases and wastes to and from the cells of the body

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2
Q

what are other items that blood transports

A
  • chemical messengers
  • blood proteins
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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3
Q

what is in the composition of blood

A
  • cells (erythocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
  • plasma
  • water
  • proteins
  • sugar
  • salts
  • hormones
  • lipids
  • vitamins
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4
Q

what percentage of blood do cell make up

A

45%

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5
Q

what are erythrocytes

A

red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen

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6
Q

what are thrombocytes

A

platelets that clot blood

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7
Q

what are leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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8
Q

how many types of white blood cells (leukocytes) are there and what are their names

A

5

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes

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9
Q

what are basophils

A
  • White blood cell that contains granules
    that stain blue
  • cells that prevent clotting (contain heparin) and aid in allergic responses (contain histamine)
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10
Q

what are eosinophils

A
  • White blood cell that contains
    granules that stain red
  • phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
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11
Q

what are neutrophils

A
  • granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow
  • phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
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12
Q

what are monocytes

A
  • leukocyte with one large nucleus
  • phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris
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13
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

control the immune response, make antibodies to antigens

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14
Q

what are the different types of plasma proteins

A
  • albumin
  • gloubins (immunogloubins)
  • fibrinogen
  • prothrombin
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15
Q

what does type a blood consist of

A

a antigen and anti-b antibody

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16
Q

what does type b blood consist of

A

b antigen and anti-a antibody

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17
Q

what does type ab blood consist of

A

a and b antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)

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18
Q

what does type o blood consist of

A

no a or b antigens and both anti-a and anti-b antibodies (universal donor)

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19
Q

what are examples of anticoagulants

A

heparin and warfarin

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20
Q

what is albumin

A

Protein in the blood; maintains the
proper amount of water in blood

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21
Q

what is an antibody

A

A specific protein produced by the
lymphocytes in response to bacteria,
viruses, or other antigens

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22
Q

what is an antigen

A

A substance that stimulates
production of an antibody

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23
Q

what is bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed
by breakdown of hemoglobin when
RBCs are destroyed

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24
Q

what is coagulation

A

blood clotting

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25
Q

what is colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

Protein that stimulates growth of
white blood cells

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26
Q

what is differentiation

A

The change in structure and
function of a cell as it matures;
specialization

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27
Q

what is electrophoresis

A

A method of separating serum
proteins by electrical charge

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28
Q

what is a erythroblast

A

a immature red blood cell

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29
Q

what is a erythrocyte

A

a red blood cell

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30
Q

what is erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys
that stimulates red blood cell
formation

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31
Q

what is fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis of a
blood clot

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32
Q

what is fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to
fibrin in the clotting process

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33
Q

what is globulin

A

plasma protein

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34
Q

what is a granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous
dark-staining granules

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35
Q

what is a hematopoietic stem cell

A

A cell in bone marrow that gives
rise to all types of blood cells

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36
Q

what is hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron; carried oxygen in red blood cells

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37
Q

what is an immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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38
Q

what is immunoglobulin

A

a protein with a antibody activity

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39
Q

what is a lymphocyte

A

Mononuclear leukocyte that
produces antibodies

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40
Q

what is a macrophage

A

Monocyte that migrates from the
blood to tissue spaces; as a
phagocyte, it engulfs foreign
material and debris; destroys worn
out RBCs

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41
Q

what is a megakaryocyte

A

Large platelet precursor cell found
in the bone marrow

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42
Q

what is a monocyte

A

Leukocyte with one large nucleus;
engulfs foreign material and debris;
becomes macrophage

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43
Q

what does mononuclear mean

A

Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single
round nucleus

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44
Q

what does myeloblast mean

A

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

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45
Q

whats plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood; contains
water, proteins, salts, nutrients,
lipids, hormones, and vitamins

46
Q

whats plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn
blood by centrifuge

47
Q

whats a platelet

A

A small blood fragment
important in clotting

48
Q

what does polymorphonuclear mean

A

Pertaining to a white blood
cell with multi-shaped
nucleus; neutrophil

49
Q

what does prothrombin mean

A

Plasma protein; converted to
thrombin in the clotting
process

50
Q

what is a reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte

51
Q

what is the rh factor

A

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-
positive (RH+) individuals

52
Q

what is serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and
cells

53
Q

what is a stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to
mature, specialized forms

54
Q

what is thrombin

A

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to
fibrin during coagulation

55
Q

what is a thrombocyte

A

platelets

56
Q

bas/o

A

base

57
Q

chrom/o

A

color

58
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

59
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

60
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

61
Q

erythr/o

A

red

62
Q

granul/o

A

granules

63
Q

hem/o

A

blood

64
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

65
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

66
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

67
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

68
Q

leuk/o

A

white

69
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

70
Q

morph/o

A

shape, form

71
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

72
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

73
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

74
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

75
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

76
Q

sider/o

A

iron

77
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

78
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

79
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, a carrying away

80
Q

-blast

A

immature or embryonic cell

81
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

82
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

83
Q

-gen

A

giving rise to; producing

84
Q

-globin or -gloubin

A

protein

85
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

86
Q

-oid

A

derived, related to, or originating from

87
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

88
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

89
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

90
Q

-philia

A

attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)

91
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

92
Q
  • poiesis
A

formation

93
Q
  • stasis
A

stop, control

94
Q

what is anemia (the overall term)

A

a deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

95
Q

what is aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or
absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

96
Q

what is hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

97
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

98
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

99
Q

what is Thalassemia

A

an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

100
Q

what is Hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout
the body

101
Q

what is Polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells

102
Q

what is Hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by
hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary
for blood clotting. Patients often bleed into
weight-bearing joints, especially the ankles
and knees

103
Q

what is Purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and
accumulation of blood under the skin

104
Q

what is leukemia

A

an increase in cancerous white blood cells

105
Q

what are the 4 different types of leukemia

A
  • acute myeloid leukemia
  • acute lymphoid leukemia
  • chronic myeloid leukemia
  • chronic lymphois leukemia
106
Q

what is Granulocytosis:

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

107
Q

what is Mononucleosis

A

an infectious disease marked
by increased numbers of mononuclear
leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph
nodes

108
Q

what is Multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of
bone marrow. Malignant cells (lymphocytes
called plasma cells that produce antibodies)
destroy bone tissue and cause
overproduction of immunoglobulins,
including Bence Jones protein.

109
Q

what is Apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts
and removal of a select part from the blood

110
Q

what is a Blood transfusion:

A

whole blood or cells taken from
a donor and infused into a patient

111
Q

what is a Bone marrow biopsy

A

microscopic examination of
a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

112
Q

what is a Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor
administered into a recipient

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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