Unit 2 - Chapter 13 - Blood Systems Flashcards
what is the function of blood
transports foods, gases and wastes to and from the cells of the body
what are other items that blood transports
- chemical messengers
- blood proteins
- white blood cells
- platelets
what is in the composition of blood
- cells (erythocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
- plasma
- water
- proteins
- sugar
- salts
- hormones
- lipids
- vitamins
what percentage of blood do cell make up
45%
what are erythrocytes
red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen
what are thrombocytes
platelets that clot blood
what are leukocytes
white blood cells
how many types of white blood cells (leukocytes) are there and what are their names
5
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
what are basophils
- White blood cell that contains granules
that stain blue - cells that prevent clotting (contain heparin) and aid in allergic responses (contain histamine)
what are eosinophils
- White blood cell that contains
granules that stain red - phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
what are neutrophils
- granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow
- phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
what are monocytes
- leukocyte with one large nucleus
- phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris
what are lymphocytes
control the immune response, make antibodies to antigens
what are the different types of plasma proteins
- albumin
- gloubins (immunogloubins)
- fibrinogen
- prothrombin
what does type a blood consist of
a antigen and anti-b antibody
what does type b blood consist of
b antigen and anti-a antibody
what does type ab blood consist of
a and b antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)
what does type o blood consist of
no a or b antigens and both anti-a and anti-b antibodies (universal donor)
what are examples of anticoagulants
heparin and warfarin
what is albumin
Protein in the blood; maintains the
proper amount of water in blood
what is an antibody
A specific protein produced by the
lymphocytes in response to bacteria,
viruses, or other antigens
what is an antigen
A substance that stimulates
production of an antibody
what is bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed
by breakdown of hemoglobin when
RBCs are destroyed
what is coagulation
blood clotting
what is colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
Protein that stimulates growth of
white blood cells
what is differentiation
The change in structure and
function of a cell as it matures;
specialization
what is electrophoresis
A method of separating serum
proteins by electrical charge
what is a erythroblast
a immature red blood cell
what is a erythrocyte
a red blood cell
what is erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidneys
that stimulates red blood cell
formation
what is fibrin
Protein that forms the basis of a
blood clot
what is fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted to
fibrin in the clotting process
what is globulin
plasma protein
what is a granulocyte
White blood cell with numerous
dark-staining granules
what is a hematopoietic stem cell
A cell in bone marrow that gives
rise to all types of blood cells
what is hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron; carried oxygen in red blood cells
what is an immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
what is immunoglobulin
a protein with a antibody activity
what is a lymphocyte
Mononuclear leukocyte that
produces antibodies
what is a macrophage
Monocyte that migrates from the
blood to tissue spaces; as a
phagocyte, it engulfs foreign
material and debris; destroys worn
out RBCs
what is a megakaryocyte
Large platelet precursor cell found
in the bone marrow
what is a monocyte
Leukocyte with one large nucleus;
engulfs foreign material and debris;
becomes macrophage
what does mononuclear mean
Pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single
round nucleus
what does myeloblast mean
immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
whats plasma
Liquid portion of blood; contains
water, proteins, salts, nutrients,
lipids, hormones, and vitamins
whats plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn
blood by centrifuge
whats a platelet
A small blood fragment
important in clotting
what does polymorphonuclear mean
Pertaining to a white blood
cell with multi-shaped
nucleus; neutrophil
what does prothrombin mean
Plasma protein; converted to
thrombin in the clotting
process
what is a reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte
what is the rh factor
Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-
positive (RH+) individuals
what is serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and
cells
what is a stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to
mature, specialized forms
what is thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to
fibrin during coagulation
what is a thrombocyte
platelets
bas/o
base
chrom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
erythr/o
red
granul/o
granules
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
is/o
same, equal
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
mon/o
one, single
morph/o
shape, form
myel/o
bone marrow
neutr/o
neutral
nucle/o
nucleus
phag/o
eat, swallow
poikil/o
varied, irregular
sider/o
iron
spher/o
globe, round
thromb/o
clot
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
-blast
immature or embryonic cell
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
-emia
blood condition
-gen
giving rise to; producing
-globin or -gloubin
protein
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
-oid
derived, related to, or originating from
-osis
abnormal condition
-penia
deficiency
-phage
eat, swallow
-philia
attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
- poiesis
formation
- stasis
stop, control
what is anemia (the overall term)
a deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
what is aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or
absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells
what is hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
what is pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
what is sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis
what is Thalassemia
an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
what is Hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout
the body
what is Polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells
what is Hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by
hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary
for blood clotting. Patients often bleed into
weight-bearing joints, especially the ankles
and knees
what is Purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and
accumulation of blood under the skin
what is leukemia
an increase in cancerous white blood cells
what are the 4 different types of leukemia
- acute myeloid leukemia
- acute lymphoid leukemia
- chronic myeloid leukemia
- chronic lymphois leukemia
what is Granulocytosis:
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
what is Mononucleosis
an infectious disease marked
by increased numbers of mononuclear
leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph
nodes
what is Multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of
bone marrow. Malignant cells (lymphocytes
called plasma cells that produce antibodies)
destroy bone tissue and cause
overproduction of immunoglobulins,
including Bence Jones protein.
what is Apheresis
separation of blood into component parts
and removal of a select part from the blood
what is a Blood transfusion:
whole blood or cells taken from
a donor and infused into a patient
what is a Bone marrow biopsy
microscopic examination of
a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
what is a Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor
administered into a recipient
