Unit 1 - Chapter 16 - Skin Flashcards
what does integrument mean
covering
what makes up the integumentary system
skin and its accessory organs (hair, nails, glands)
what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system
- protective membrane of the body
- production of important secretions
- its nerve fibers are receptors for sensations
- different tissues maintain body temperature
what are the 3 layers of the skin (top to bottom) and describe each one
- epidermis is a thin, cellular membrane layer containing keratin
- dermis is a dense fibrous connective tissue layer containing collagen
- subcutaneous later is a thick fat containing layer
epidermis
what is it composed of and what do their cells look like
squamous epithelium
- flat and scale like
epidermis
what are the cells in the outr layer arranged like
- in several layers to form stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
what does it lack and what is it dependant on
- lacks blood/lymphatic vessels and connective tissues
- dependant on the deeper dermis and its capillaries for nourishment
epidermis
what is the deepest layer called
- basal layer
epidermis
what happens in the basal layer as the cells divide
- they are pushed upwards away from the blood supply of the dermal layer
- cells flatten, shrink and lose their nuclei and die, becoming filled with keratin
epidermis
what are keratin cells called
keratinocytes
epidermis
what other cells does it contain that provide pigment
melanocytes that provide melanin
epidermis
explain how people have darker skin
- their melanocytes contain more melanin, but they have the same number of melanocytes as everyone else
epidermis
what is the condition called when someone cant form melanin
albinism
epidermis
what is the difference between oculocutaneous albinism and ocular albinism
- oculocutaneous albinism affects eyes, hair and skin
- ocular albinism onky affects the eyes
dermis
what is it composed of
blood vessels , lymph/nerve fibers, accessory organs of the skin
dermis
what are the 2 things connective tissue cells and fibers responsible for
- extensibility and elasticity of the skin
dermis
what is elastin
protein that is elastic and helps skin to return to its original position when pinched and poked
dermis
what are collagen fibers
fibrous protein material found in bone, cartillage, tendons, ligaments and the skin
dermis
how is collagen different in infants and older people
- it’s soft in babies and harder in older people
dermis
what are diseases called that effecct the connective tissues
collagen vascular diseases
dermis
what is scleroderma
when the immune system attacks and damages healthy tissue, leading to abnormal buildup of collagen and tight, thick skin
subcutaneous layer
what does this layer specialize in
the formation of fat
subcutaneous layer
what types of cells does this layer contain and what do they do
- adipocytes
- manufacture and store large quanitites of fat
what is a hair fiber composed of
cells filled with keratin
what is located at the root of the hair follicule and what do they do
- melanocytes
- donate hair pigment to the cells of the hair fiber
nails
what are they composed of
hard keratin plates covering the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
nails
what is the lunula
semilumar half moon shaped whitish region at the base of the nail plate
nails
what is the cuticle
a narrow band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
nails
what is the paronuchium
soft tissue surrounding the nail border
nails
what is onycholysis
loosening of the nail plate with seperation from the nail bed
glands
where are sebaceous gland located and what do they do
- in the dermal layer of the skin all over the body (asides from the hands, feet and lips)
- secrete sebum which lubricates the skin and minimizes water loss
glands
what are sweat glands
tiny coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces
glands
what is sweat made of
almost pure water, with less then 1% of salt
glands
what the the odor produced from when it comes to sweat
- the bacteria on the sweat that accumulates on the skin
glands
expand on apocrine sweat glands
- found near the armpits and reproductive organs
- secrete an odorless sweat containing substances easilt broken down by bacteria on the skin
albin/o
white
anthrac/o
black
chlor/o
green
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
cyan/o
blue
eosin/o
rosy
erythr/o
red
jaund/o
yellow
leuk/o
white
lute/o
yellow
melan/o
black
poli/o
gray
xanth/o
yellow
adip/o
fat
caus/o
burn, burning
cauter/o
heat, burn
cutane/o
skin
derm/o or dermat/o
skin
erythem/o or erthemat/o
redness
hidr/o
sweat
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
kerat/o
hard
lip/o
fat
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
nails
phyt/o
plant
pil/o
hair
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
seb/o
sebum
squam/o
scale like
trich/o
hair
ungu/o
nail
xer/o
dry
define a crust
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
define a cyst
thick walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or smisolid material
define a erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
define a fissure
groove or crack like sore
define a macule
flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter
define a nodule
solid/round/oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter
define a papule
small solid elevation on the skin
define a pustule
papule containing pus
define an ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membrane
define a vesicle
small collection of clear fluis; blister
define a wheal
smooth, swollen papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin
define alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
define alopecia areta
autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in round patched without scarring or inflammation
define ecchymosis
blue purple bruise on the skin
define petechia
small pinpoint hemorrhage
define pruritus
itching
define bullous pemphigoid
rare autoimmune skin condiiton causing large fluid filled blisters
define burns
injury to tissue caused by heat contact
define cellulitis
acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling
define eczema
skin diseases with lesions
define exanthematous viral diseases
rash on the skin due to viral infection
define gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
define impetigo
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles and crusted over lesions
define psoriasis
itchy scaly red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
define scabies
contagious parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
define scleroderma
chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
define systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic autoimmune inflammatory isease of collagen in skin, joints and internal organs
define tinea
infection of the skin caused by a fungus
define hives
allergic reaction in which read wheals develop on the skin
define vitiligo
loss of pigment in areas of the skin
define callus
increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
define keloid
thickened scar after trauma or surgical incision
define karatosis
thickened and rough lesions of the epidermis
define leukoplakia
white thickened patches on the tongue or cheek
define nevus
pigmented lesion
define verruca
epidermal wart caused by a virus
define basal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
define squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
define malignant melanoma
cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
define bacterial analyses
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
define fungal tests
scraping from lesions, hair or nails are sent to a lab for culture/microscopic identification of fungal infection
define cyrosurgery
use of subfreezing temp achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
define curettage
use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away from a skin lesion
define electrodesiccation
tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
define mohs surgery
thin layers of malignant tissue are removed and each slice is examined mucroscopically to check for extent of resection
define skin biopsy
suspicious skin lesions are removed os sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist
define skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin and results are observed
