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Medical Terminology > Unit 1 - Chapter 16 - Skin > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Chapter 16 - Skin Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what does integrument mean

A

covering

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2
Q

what makes up the integumentary system

A

skin and its accessory organs (hair, nails, glands)

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3
Q

what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protective membrane of the body
  • production of important secretions
  • its nerve fibers are receptors for sensations
  • different tissues maintain body temperature
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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin (top to bottom) and describe each one

A
  • epidermis is a thin, cellular membrane layer containing keratin
  • dermis is a dense fibrous connective tissue layer containing collagen
  • subcutaneous later is a thick fat containing layer
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5
Q

epidermis

what is it composed of and what do their cells look like

A

squamous epithelium
- flat and scale like

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6
Q

epidermis

what are the cells in the outr layer arranged like

A
  • in several layers to form stratified squamous epithelium
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7
Q

epidermis

what does it lack and what is it dependant on

A
  • lacks blood/lymphatic vessels and connective tissues
  • dependant on the deeper dermis and its capillaries for nourishment
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8
Q

epidermis

what is the deepest layer called

A
  • basal layer
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9
Q

epidermis

what happens in the basal layer as the cells divide

A
  • they are pushed upwards away from the blood supply of the dermal layer
  • cells flatten, shrink and lose their nuclei and die, becoming filled with keratin
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10
Q

epidermis

what are keratin cells called

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

epidermis

what other cells does it contain that provide pigment

A

melanocytes that provide melanin

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12
Q

epidermis

explain how people have darker skin

A
  • their melanocytes contain more melanin, but they have the same number of melanocytes as everyone else
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13
Q

epidermis

what is the condition called when someone cant form melanin

A

albinism

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14
Q

epidermis

what is the difference between oculocutaneous albinism and ocular albinism

A
  • oculocutaneous albinism affects eyes, hair and skin
  • ocular albinism onky affects the eyes
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15
Q

dermis

what is it composed of

A

blood vessels , lymph/nerve fibers, accessory organs of the skin

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16
Q

dermis

what are the 2 things connective tissue cells and fibers responsible for

A
  • extensibility and elasticity of the skin
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17
Q

dermis

what is elastin

A

protein that is elastic and helps skin to return to its original position when pinched and poked

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18
Q

dermis

what are collagen fibers

A

fibrous protein material found in bone, cartillage, tendons, ligaments and the skin

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19
Q

dermis

how is collagen different in infants and older people

A
  • it’s soft in babies and harder in older people
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20
Q

dermis

what are diseases called that effecct the connective tissues

A

collagen vascular diseases

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21
Q

dermis

what is scleroderma

A

when the immune system attacks and damages healthy tissue, leading to abnormal buildup of collagen and tight, thick skin

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22
Q

subcutaneous layer

what does this layer specialize in

A

the formation of fat

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23
Q

subcutaneous layer

what types of cells does this layer contain and what do they do

A
  • adipocytes
  • manufacture and store large quanitites of fat
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24
Q

what is a hair fiber composed of

A

cells filled with keratin

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25
Q

what is located at the root of the hair follicule and what do they do

A
  • melanocytes
  • donate hair pigment to the cells of the hair fiber
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26
Q

nails

what are they composed of

A

hard keratin plates covering the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

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27
Q

nails

what is the lunula

A

semilumar half moon shaped whitish region at the base of the nail plate

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28
Q

nails

what is the cuticle

A

a narrow band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate

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29
Q

nails

what is the paronuchium

A

soft tissue surrounding the nail border

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30
Q

nails

what is onycholysis

A

loosening of the nail plate with seperation from the nail bed

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31
Q

glands

where are sebaceous gland located and what do they do

A
  • in the dermal layer of the skin all over the body (asides from the hands, feet and lips)
  • secrete sebum which lubricates the skin and minimizes water loss
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32
Q

glands

what are sweat glands

A

tiny coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces

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33
Q

glands

what is sweat made of

A

almost pure water, with less then 1% of salt

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34
Q

glands

what the the odor produced from when it comes to sweat

A
  • the bacteria on the sweat that accumulates on the skin
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35
Q

glands

expand on apocrine sweat glands

A
  • found near the armpits and reproductive organs
  • secrete an odorless sweat containing substances easilt broken down by bacteria on the skin
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36
Q

albin/o

A

white

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37
Q

anthrac/o

A

black

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38
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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39
Q

cirrh/o

A

tawny yellow

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40
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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41
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy

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42
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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43
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

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44
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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45
Q

lute/o

A

yellow

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46
Q

melan/o

A

black

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47
Q

poli/o

A

gray

48
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

49
Q

adip/o

A

fat

50
Q

caus/o

A

burn, burning

51
Q

cauter/o

A

heat, burn

52
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

53
Q

derm/o or dermat/o

A

skin

54
Q

erythem/o or erthemat/o

A

redness

55
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

56
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly

57
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

58
Q

lip/o

A

fat

59
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

60
Q

onych/o

A

nails

61
Q

phyt/o

A

plant

62
Q

pil/o

A

hair

63
Q

py/o

A

pus

64
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

65
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

66
Q

squam/o

A

scale like

67
Q

trich/o

A

hair

68
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

69
Q

xer/o

A

dry

70
Q

define a crust

A

collection of dried serum and cellular debris

71
Q

define a cyst

A

thick walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or smisolid material

72
Q

define a erosion

A

wearing away or loss of epidermis

73
Q

define a fissure

A

groove or crack like sore

74
Q

define a macule

A

flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

75
Q

define a nodule

A

solid/round/oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

76
Q

define a papule

A

small solid elevation on the skin

77
Q

define a pustule

A

papule containing pus

78
Q

define an ulcer

A

open sore on the skin or mucous membrane

79
Q

define a vesicle

A

small collection of clear fluis; blister

80
Q

define a wheal

A

smooth, swollen papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin

81
Q

define alopecia

A

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

82
Q

define alopecia areta

A

autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in round patched without scarring or inflammation

83
Q

define ecchymosis

A

blue purple bruise on the skin

84
Q

define petechia

A

small pinpoint hemorrhage

85
Q

define pruritus

A

itching

86
Q

define bullous pemphigoid

A

rare autoimmune skin condiiton causing large fluid filled blisters

87
Q

define burns

A

injury to tissue caused by heat contact

88
Q

define cellulitis

A

acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and swelling

89
Q

define eczema

A

skin diseases with lesions

90
Q

define exanthematous viral diseases

A

rash on the skin due to viral infection

91
Q

define gangrene

A

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

92
Q

define impetigo

A

bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles and crusted over lesions

93
Q

define psoriasis

A

itchy scaly red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

94
Q

define scabies

A

contagious parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

95
Q

define scleroderma

A

chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

96
Q

define systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic autoimmune inflammatory isease of collagen in skin, joints and internal organs

97
Q

define tinea

A

infection of the skin caused by a fungus

98
Q

define hives

A

allergic reaction in which read wheals develop on the skin

99
Q

define vitiligo

A

loss of pigment in areas of the skin

100
Q

define callus

A

increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

101
Q

define keloid

A

thickened scar after trauma or surgical incision

102
Q

define karatosis

A

thickened and rough lesions of the epidermis

103
Q

define leukoplakia

A

white thickened patches on the tongue or cheek

104
Q

define nevus

A

pigmented lesion

105
Q

define verruca

A

epidermal wart caused by a virus

106
Q

define basal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

107
Q

define squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

108
Q

define malignant melanoma

A

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

109
Q

define bacterial analyses

A

samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

110
Q

define fungal tests

A

scraping from lesions, hair or nails are sent to a lab for culture/microscopic identification of fungal infection

111
Q

define cyrosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temp achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

112
Q

define curettage

A

use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away from a skin lesion

113
Q

define electrodesiccation

A

tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

114
Q

define mohs surgery

A

thin layers of malignant tissue are removed and each slice is examined mucroscopically to check for extent of resection

115
Q

define skin biopsy

A

suspicious skin lesions are removed os sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist

116
Q

define skin test

A

substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin and results are observed

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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