Unit 2: Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

How many prescribed drugs affect ANS?

Answer 1

More than 50%

Question 2

Characteristics of a neurotransmitter

Answer 2

synthesized in a presynaptic terminal, stored in vesicle, regulate release into synapse for binding postsynaptic membrane

Question 3

Pre-ganglionic neurons of parasympathetic

Answer 3

Very long, start in sc end at target organ, release ACH to activate nicotinic receptors

Question 4

Post-ganglionic neurons of parasympathetic

Answer 4

short, synapse at target organ, release ACH to activate muscarinic receptors

Question 5

Pre-ganglionic neurons of sympathetic

Answer 5

very short, start in sc and end near sc, release ACH and activate nicotinic receptors

Question 6

Post-gangliionic neurons of sympathetic

Answer 6

long, end at organ, release norepinephrine to activate adrenergic (a or B) receptors

Question 7

3 exceptions of post-ganglioinic sympathetic neurons

Answer 7

postga neurons involved with thermoregulation release ACH to work on muscarinic rcts; postga to kidneys release dopamine; prega to adrenal glands synapse directly on adrenal gland: release ACH and activate nicotinic rcts, A glands release epi and activate adrenergic rcts

Question 8

Acetylcholine released by

Answer 8

preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neuron, postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, adrenal glands, sweat glands, skeletal muscle vasculature

Question 9

Epinephrine released by

Answer 9

adrenal gland once the sympathetic system has been activated

Question 10

Norepinephrine released by

Answer 10

postganglionic sympathetic neurons in most end organs

Question 11

The most often site of pharmacologic manipulation

Answer 11

ganglionic synapse, between pre and post

Question 12

Strategies for pharmacological intervention

Answer 12

block synthesis and storage, block release, block reuptake, interfere with metabolism, interfere with recognition

Question 13

Parasympathomimetics

Answer 13

cholinergic, muscarinic agonists

Question 14

sympathomimetics

Answer 14

adrenergic, adrenergic agonists

Question 15

Parasympatholytics

Answer 15

anticholinergic, muscarinic antagonists: stops digestion

Question 16

Parasympatholytics

Answer 16

anticholinergic, muscarinic antagonists: stops digestion

Question 17

sympatholytics

Answer 17

antiadrenergic, adrenergic antagonists

Question 18

Nicotinic receptor stimulatory action

Answer 18

binding of ACH is always stimulatory

Question 19

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor

Answer 19

main receptor at parasympathetic site, mediates secretion and smooth muscle contraction, inhibitory or stimulatory, five subtypes

Question 20

Muscarinic subtype

Answer 20

M2-found in heart, M3-found in glands and smooth muscle, M1,4,5- found in CNS

Question 21

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 21

a1, a2, usually stimulatory B1, B2, B3, usually inhibitory except in heart

Question 22

A1

Answer 22

most blood vessels, contraction of smooth muscle, eye and urinary sphincter

Question 23

A2

Answer 23

mostly in CNS and target organs, decreases vascular resistance

Question 24

B1

Answer 24

Found in heart, kidney and brain; increases heart force and contraction, mediates renin

Question 25

B2

Answer 25

Found in lungs, skeletal muscle vasculature, uterus, mediates s. muscle relaxation

Question 26

B3

Answer 26

fat cells and lipolysis

Question 27

Cholinergic effects

Answer 27

DUMBELS; defecation, urination, miosis, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation

Question 28

Anticholinergic effects

Answer 28

Dry as a bone; decreased sweating, decrease salivation, bronchodilation, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention

Question 29

Anticholinergic effects

Answer 29

Dry as a bone; decreased sweating, decrease salivation, bronchodilation, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention

Question 30

Aqueous humor formed by?

Answer 30

ciliary epithelium, B2

Question 31

Miosis/mydriasis

Answer 31

Pupil contraction, dilation

Question 32

Receptor of Circular eye muscles

Answer 32

ACH binds to M3, contraction, antagonists cause dilation

Question 33

Receptor of radial muscles

Answer 33

Norepinephrine binds to a1, causes contraction of muscle: dilation

Question 34

Receptor of bladder

Answer 34

B2 causes relaxation, a1-norepi binding causes sphincter contraction; M3 causes relaxation of sphincter

Question 35

Receptors of heart

Answer 35

ACH/muscarinic receptors agonists decrease heart rate; norepi/ B1 receptors agonists increase hr and contractility