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Pharmacology > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Antiviral agents

A

acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famciclovir (Famvir), Ganciclovir (Cytovene), valganciclovir (Valcyte), foscarnet (Foscavir), amantadine (Symmetrel),Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

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2
Q

Spectrum of activity of acyclovir

A

herpes simplex 1/2, varicela zoster, HSV1> HSV2> VZV

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3
Q

ADRs of acyclovir

A

N/V, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, lethargy confusion, disorientation, hallucination

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4
Q

Kinetics of acyclovir

A

IV/PO, well distributed, renally eliminated

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5
Q

Valacyclovir (Valtrex) MOA

A

prodrug of acyclovir

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6
Q

Spectrum of activity of valacyclovir

A

herpes simplex 1/2, varicella zoster

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7
Q

Kinetics of valacyclovir

A

Po only, rapidly converted in intestinal tract to acyclovir, 3-5x higher bioavailability than acyclovir

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8
Q

ADRs of valacyclovir

A

N/V

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9
Q

MOA of famiclovir (Famvir)

A

prodrug, converted to active form by liver, works by inhibition of viral replication

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10
Q

Spectrum of activity of famciclovir

A

herpes simplex virus 1/2, varicella zoster virus

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11
Q

Niche of famiclovir

A

best tolerated, but $$$

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12
Q

Ganciclovir (Cytovene) MOA

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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13
Q

Spectrum of activity of ganciclovir

A

HSV-1/2, VZV, cytomegalovirus

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14
Q

Kinetics of ganiclovir

A

IV/PO, penetrates well into aqueous humor of eye and subretinal fluid, and CSF

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15
Q

ADRs of ganiclovir

A

Bone marrow suppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, related to dose accumulation over time

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16
Q

Valganciclovir MOA

A

prodrug of ganciclovir

17
Q

Spectrum of activity of valganciclovir

A

HSV 1/2, VZV, cytomegalovirus

18
Q

ADRs of valganciclovir

A

bone marrow suppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

19
Q

Clinical use of valganciclovir

A

CMV retinitis in AIDs patients

20
Q

Vanciclovir niche

A

PO therapy better tolerated compared to ganciclovir

21
Q

Foscarnet MOA

A

not a prodrug, directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase

22
Q

Spectrum of activity of foscarnet

A

HSV-1/2, VZV, CMV, spectrum includes any/all viruses that are resistant to acyclovir

23
Q

Foscarnet ADRs

A

nephrotoxic, CNS- HA, tremor, irritability, seizures, paresthesias, but pt already critically ill

24
Q

Amantadine (Symmetrel) MOA

A

blocks uncoating of viral RNA

25
Q

Amantadine spectrum of activity

A

influenza A

26
Q

ADRs of amantadine

A

CNS, HA, seizures, tremor, GI

27
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Spectrum of activity

A

Influenza A and B

28
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ADRs

Pharmacology (61 decks)

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