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Honors Chemistry > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fMass of Subatomic Particles

A

Proton 1 amu
Neutron 1 amu
Electron 0 amu

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2
Q

Elements Have Same

A

Proton count
Atomic number
Properties

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with a particular number of neutrons that change the mass

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4
Q

Ions

A

Atoms of the same element with a particular number of electrons that change the mass

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5
Q

Energy levels

A

Shells/orbits of crazy shapes where the electrons can be found around the nucleus

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6
Q

Finding Electron Count in Bohr Model

A

2n^2 when n=shell number

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7
Q

Groups/Families/Colums

A

Vertical
Number of valence electrons

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8
Q

Rows/Periods

A

Horizontal
Number of energy levels

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9
Q

Phil Model

A

2, 8, 8, 2 electrons per energy level

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10
Q

Duet

A

Applies to hydrogen, heleium, lithium, and berelium

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11
Q

Mass Number

A

Atomic mass rounded
Sum of protons and neutrons
Measured in amu

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12
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Weighted average of mass number in all isotopes
Decimal in periodic table
Measured in g/mol or amu

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13
Q

Weighted Average

A

Takes into account the abundance of each item being averages

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14
Q

Average Atomic Mass Formula

A

Mass A (%A) + Mass B (%B)

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15
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Atoms attain stability by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons

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16
Q

Nuclear Reactions

A

Atoms attain stability through changes in the nucleus

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17
Q

Radioactivity

A

Process by which an unstable nucleus spontaneaously emits high energy particles or rays from the nucleus in order to attain a more stable nuclear state

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18
Q

Strong Force

A

An attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

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19
Q

Electrostatic Force

A

Causes protons to repel other protons

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20
Q

Nuclear Force

A

Created by neutrons to hold the nucleus together

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21
Q

Creates Radioactivity

A

When there are more neutrons creating nuclear force repelling the electrostatic and strong force

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22
Q

Unstable/Radioactive Elements

A

Above #83

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23
Q

Beta Particle Protection

A

Glass, clothing, wood

24
Q

Neutron/Proton Emission

A

Neutron 1/0n
Proton 1/1p

25
Q

Nuclear Symbol Top and Bottom

A

Top mass
Bottom Charge

26
Q

Radiation

A

Emission of particles

27
Q

Beta Decay Sequence

A

Electron leaves which adds proton

28
Q

Opposite of Beta Decay Sequence

A

Electron capture or positron emission

29
Q

How Nuclear Electricity is Created

A

Uranium atoms split producing kinetic energy
Converts water to steam
Rotates turbines
Produces electricities in the generator

30
Q

First Atomic Weapons

A

Both fission bombs

31
Q

How Fusion Bombs Work

A

Combine two hydrogens to produce helium

32
Q

How Fission Bombs Work

A

Neutrons fired at uranium or plutonium atoms
Split causing smaller atoms and energy
Smaller atoms collide with more uranium or plutonium

33
Q

Artifitial Radioactive Nuclides

A

Made by artifitial transmutations through bombardments of nuclei with charged and uncharged particles

34
Q

Transuranium Elements

A

Above #92

35
Q

Deuteriium and Tritium

A

Stable hydrogen isotope with one more neutron
Radioactive isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons

36
Q

Three Main Sections of a Nuclear Power Plant

A

Reactor
Generator
Cooling tower

37
Q

Half-Life Equation

A

mf = mi/2^n
mf = final mass
mi = initial mass
n = number of half-lives

38
Q

Conversions

A

1 mega = 1.0x10^6 base
1 micro = 1.0x10^-6 base
1 nano = 1.0x10^-9 base
1 pico = 1.0x10^-12 base

39
Q

Complex/Derived Unit

A

A measurement expressed as a ratio between units

40
Q

Centimeters to Inch

A

2.54cm=1in

41
Q

Meters to Mile

A

1600m=1mi

42
Q

Dalton’s Theory

A

All matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible
All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
Compounds are combinations of two or more different types of atoms
A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms
Tested gases

43
Q

Democritus’ Theory

A

Solid, indivisible particles
Divided a seashell

44
Q

JJ Thomson’s Theory

A

Negative electrons are scattered throughout a sphere of positive charge
Atom can be broken down
Cathode ray tube

45
Q

Rutherford’s Theory

A

Atom is mostly empty space, with nearly all of its mass concentrated in a tiny central nucleus
Alpha particles at gold foil

46
Q

Milikan’s Theory

A

Electrons have a negative charge
Charge on a drop of oil and stopped the oil from falling

47
Q

Quantum Mechanical Model

A

Electrons exist in an electron cloud, existing as a particle and a wave at the same time

48
Q

STP

A

Standard temperature and pressure

49
Q

Reaction that Requires Critical Mass

A

Fission and fusion

50
Q

Liters to Gallon

A

3.79L=1gal

51
Q

Meters to Yard

A

0.91m=1yd

52
Q

Liters to Cups

A

0.24L=1cup

53
Q

Nuclear Versus Chemical Reactions Same

A

Atoms attain stability, mass and change must be balanced

54
Q

Nuclear Versus Chemical Reactions Different

A

Nucleus VS electrons
In nuclear elements change, isotopes matter, spontaneous, can not be sped up/slowed/stopped, decay chain

55
Q

Chadwick

A

Positively charged protons and neutral neutrons bound together as the atom’s nucleus
Negatively charged electrons occupying energy levels surrounding the nucleus
Alpha particles bombarding

Honors Chemistry (9 decks)

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