Unit 1 Flashcards
Chemical Properties
A property that is any ability to produce a change in the composition of the matter
Physical Change
Alters the form of a substance, but does not change it to another
Chemical Change
Changes into a different substance with different properties
Precipitation
Solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction
Extensive Properties
Depend on the amount of matter that is present
Intensive Properties
Do not depend on the amount of matter that is present (density)
Density
A ratio of mass to volume of a substance
Chemistry
The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
Element
A pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 1
All matter is composed of particles in constant motion
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 2
Particles have spaces between them
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 3
All particles of matter have energy
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 4
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, therefore, as energy/temperature levels are changed, a change in state may occur
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 5
Attractive forces between particles are stronger as particles are closer together
Pure Substance
Has a fixed composition, all particles are identical
Fixed Composition
Composed of one type of particle (atom or molecule)
Compound
A pure substance with two or more elements/types of atoms combined through a chemical reaction, composed of a definite group of molecules or is chemically bonded
Chemical Formulas of Compounds
Indicate the elements present in a compound and the number of relative atoms in each
Mixture
A physical combination of substances, identities and properties of individuals are retained, can be physically separated, different types of particles
Mixture VS Compound
1) Mixtures retain properties, compounds do not
2) Mixtures do not have a definite composition, compounds do
Homogeneous Other Name
Solution
Filtration
Passing a material through a porous material to separate one substance from another, uses physical property of size, gravitational filter or vacuum filter
Distillation
Separation of liquid mixtures, liquid with lowest boiling point will vaporize first and the vapor is condensed into a pure liquid, uses physical property of vaporization point, collects pure liquid
Decanting
Separation by pouring off liquid layer and leaving solid behind, uses physical property of state of matter and solubility
Particles
Pieces of matter such as atoms, ions, or molecules
Diatomic
Elements that, in their pure state, are only found in pairs
B and C in IHNBOCF
Bromine and chlorine
When Combining Acid and Water
Add acid to water
Alloy
Metallic substances composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a solution
Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture of a finely distributed solid in a liquid
Colloid
A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance
Chromatography
A scientific method for separating the components found in a mixture
Estimated Digit
Falls after last sig fig
Rounding to Sig Figs
Use scientific notation!
Dividing Units
Divide units out I guess
Matter - Can it be separated physically?
Yes - mixture
No - Pure substance
Mixture - Is it a uniform composition?
Yes - homogeneous/solution
No - heterogeneous
Pure Substance - Can it be separated by ordinary chemical means?
Yes - compound (bonded atoms)
No - element (single kind of atom)
Volume and Shape
Solid - definite
Liquid - definite volume, indefinite shape
Gas - indefinite
Arrangement
Solid - packed close
Liquid - close, but can slide
Gas - spread out as far as possible
Movement
Solid - vibrate in fixed position
Liquid - move past each other, flow
Gas - move with great speed
Attractive Forces/Energy
Solid - strong force, weak energy
Liquid - strong force, medium energy
Gas - weak force, strong energy
States Energy Increase
Solid, liquid, gas
States Temperature Increase
Solid, liquid, gas
States Attractive Forces Decrease
Solid, liquid, gas
Molecule
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance, made up of one or more atoms, diatomic elements can be molecules
Molecule VS Compound
Molecules have more than one atom, compounds have more than one type of atom, all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
Chemical Methods of Separation
Decomposition, electrolysis
