Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Properties

A

A property that is any ability to produce a change in the composition of the matter

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2
Q

Physical Change

A

Alters the form of a substance, but does not change it to another

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3
Q

Chemical Change

A

Changes into a different substance with different properties

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4
Q

Precipitation

A

Solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Extensive Properties

A

Depend on the amount of matter that is present

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6
Q

Intensive Properties

A

Do not depend on the amount of matter that is present (density)

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7
Q

Density

A

A ratio of mass to volume of a substance

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8
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes

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9
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

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10
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

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11
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 1

A

All matter is composed of particles in constant motion

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12
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 2

A

Particles have spaces between them

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13
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 3

A

All particles of matter have energy

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14
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 4

A

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, therefore, as energy/temperature levels are changed, a change in state may occur

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15
Q

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Rule 5

A

Attractive forces between particles are stronger as particles are closer together

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16
Q

Pure Substance

A

Has a fixed composition, all particles are identical

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17
Q

Fixed Composition

A

Composed of one type of particle (atom or molecule)

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18
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance with two or more elements/types of atoms combined through a chemical reaction, composed of a definite group of molecules or is chemically bonded

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19
Q

Chemical Formulas of Compounds

A

Indicate the elements present in a compound and the number of relative atoms in each

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20
Q

Mixture

A

A physical combination of substances, identities and properties of individuals are retained, can be physically separated, different types of particles

21
Q

Mixture VS Compound

A

1) Mixtures retain properties, compounds do not
2) Mixtures do not have a definite composition, compounds do

22
Q

Homogeneous Other Name

23
Q

Filtration

A

Passing a material through a porous material to separate one substance from another, uses physical property of size, gravitational filter or vacuum filter

24
Q

Distillation

A

Separation of liquid mixtures, liquid with lowest boiling point will vaporize first and the vapor is condensed into a pure liquid, uses physical property of vaporization point, collects pure liquid

25
Decanting
Separation by pouring off liquid layer and leaving solid behind, uses physical property of state of matter and solubility
26
Particles
Pieces of matter such as atoms, ions, or molecules
27
Diatomic
Elements that, in their pure state, are only found in pairs
28
B and C in IHNBOCF
Bromine and chlorine
29
When Combining Acid and Water
Add acid to water
30
Alloy
Metallic substances composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a solution
31
Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture of a finely distributed solid in a liquid
32
Colloid
A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance
33
Chromatography
A scientific method for separating the components found in a mixture
34
Estimated Digit
Falls after last sig fig
35
Rounding to Sig Figs
Use scientific notation!
36
Dividing Units
Divide units out I guess
37
Matter - Can it be separated physically?
Yes - mixture No - Pure substance
38
Mixture - Is it a uniform composition?
Yes - homogeneous/solution No - heterogeneous
39
Pure Substance - Can it be separated by ordinary chemical means?
Yes - compound (bonded atoms) No - element (single kind of atom)
40
Volume and Shape
Solid - definite Liquid - definite volume, indefinite shape Gas - indefinite
41
Arrangement
Solid - packed close Liquid - close, but can slide Gas - spread out as far as possible
42
Movement
Solid - vibrate in fixed position Liquid - move past each other, flow Gas - move with great speed
43
Attractive Forces/Energy
Solid - strong force, weak energy Liquid - strong force, medium energy Gas - weak force, strong energy
44
States Energy Increase
Solid, liquid, gas
45
States Temperature Increase
Solid, liquid, gas
46
States Attractive Forces Decrease
Solid, liquid, gas
47
Molecule
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance, made up of one or more atoms, diatomic elements can be molecules
48
Molecule VS Compound
Molecules have more than one atom, compounds have more than one type of atom, all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
49
Chemical Methods of Separation
Decomposition, electrolysis