Significant Figures and Measurements Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

Refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured

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2
Q

Precision

A

Refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way

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3
Q

Meniscus

A

The curve in measuring, where you always measure from

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4
Q

Quantities VS. Units

A

What we measure VS. how we measure

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5
Q

Balances

A

Measures in grams, the last estimated digit is already given

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6
Q

Graduated Cylinder

A

Measures in milliliters, called graduated because it uses graduated lines

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7
Q

Thermometer

A

Measures in celsius, in electronic thermometers the last estimated digit is already given

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8
Q

Percent Error Formula

A

Experimental value - accepted value/accepted value = x100

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9
Q

Precision VS. Smallest Mark

A

Includes your estimate VS. what the instrument measured

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10
Q

Sig Fig Rule One

A

All non-zero digits are sig

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11
Q

Sig Fig Rule Two

A

Sandwiched zeros are sig

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12
Q

Sig Fig Rule Three

A

Leading/placeholder zeros (zeros to the left) are not sig

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13
Q

Sig Fig Rule Four

A

Trailing zeros (zeros that come after last sig fig) count if a decimal is present

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14
Q

Sig Fig Rule Five

A

Exact numbers may be thought of as having infinite sig figs

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15
Q

Addition and Subtraction with Sig Figs

A

If the decimal is rounded to the ones, include a decimal place but no zero after

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16
Q

Placeholder Zeros

A

Not significant when it comes to the certainty of a measurement, so can not be certain or estimated digit in a measurement

17
Q

Exact Numbers

A

No uncertainty in the value, counted or defined like conversion factors

18
Q

When a Number in Scientific Notation is Changed to Expanded

A

None of the added zeros are sig

19
Q

When a Number in Scientific Notation Contains a Significant Zero

A

The zero is sig

20
Q

Scientific Notation Exponents

A

Positive exponents mean move to right

21
Q

When You Divide With Units Squared

A

The units and squares go away

22
Q

Leading Zeros

A

Do not use past decimal place is not needed

23
Q

In Scientific Notation

A

All coefficient numbers are sig

24
Q

A Line Over a Zero

A

Indicates that it is the last sig

25
Rounding to Sig Figs
Round like normally
26
Adding and Subtracting
Decimals in answer equal least decimals in equation
27
Multiplying and Dividing
Sig figs in answer equal least sig figs in equation
28
Negative Exponent in Scientific Notation
Number smaller than one
29