Bonding and Naming Quiz Flashcards
Chemical Bond
Attractive force between atoms or ions that bind them together as a unit
Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared
Nonmetal plus nonmetal
Ionic Bonding
Electrons are transferred
Metal plus nonmetal
Net charge is always zero
Metals transfer to nonmetals
Metallic Bonding
Each metal contributes electrons and the electrons flow between atoms
Metal plus metal
Low electronegativity so free to move
Chemical Formula
Smallest particle
Formula Unit
The chemical formula for an ionic compound, or the simplest whole number ratio of ions present in the crystalline structure
NaCl
Molecular Formula
CO2
Compound
Two types of elements is binary
More than two types of elements is ternary
Ion
One atom is monatomic ion
Two or more atoms is polyatomic ion
Type of Structure
Ionic is crystal lattice
Covalent is true molecules
Metallic is “electron sea” or lattice
Physical State
Ionic is solid
Covalent is solid, iquid, or gas
Metallic is solid
Melting Point
Ionic is high
Covalent is low
Metallic is very high
Solubility in Water
Ionic yes
Covalent usually not
Metallic no
Electrical Conductivity
Ionic is yes in solution or liquid
Covalent is no
Metallic is yes any form
Other Properties
Covalent is odorous
Metallic is malleable, ductile, and lustruous
Polar Covalent
Unequal attraction for shared electrons creating partially charged poles or asymmetrical electron density
Overlapping two orbitals and creating polar molecule
Non Polar Covalent
Electrons are shared equally or symmetrical electron density
Overlapping orbital
Most Bonds Are
A blend of ionic and covalent characteristics
Non Polar Covalent Bond
Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms with no charge
Even sharing
Polar Covalent Bond
Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms with a partial charge
Uneven sharing
Ionic Bond
Complete transfer of one or more valence electrons with full charge on resulting ions
Complete transfer
Electronegativity
The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons
END
Difference in electronegativity which determines bond type
Nonpolar is <0.5 nonmetal + nonmetal
Polar is 0.5 to 1.7 nonmetal + nonmetal
Ionic is >1.7 nonmetal + metal
Salts
Product of ionic bonding, oppositely charged ions
Delocalized
Free to roam about
Metal Delocalized
Vacant and nearly empty orbitals of metals overlap
Metal Alloys
Formed when metal atoms replace other metal atoms or when smaller metal atoms occupy small spaces between larger atoms
True Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, forming the smallest identifiable unit of substance
Ionic Compounds Molecule
NOT just a 1:1 ratio
Polyatomic ion
Properties of Ionic Compounds
DUE TO CRYSTAL LATTICE STRUCTURE
Strong
High melting and boiling points
Conducts electricity in aqueous state
Solids at room temperature
Brittle
Crystalline Solid
A three dimensional network of positive and negative ions mutually attracted to one another
Crystal Lattice
The orderly three dimensional arrangement of ions
Energy is higher so stronger bond
Electron Dot Diagram
Show only the valnce electrons of an atom
Place one dot on each side before pairing up
Also called ionic compound formations, Lewis dot diagrams, or Lewis structures
Helium Electron Dot Diagram
Use two dots on same side
Electron Dot Diagram Anion
Put eight dots
Brackets around symbol and dots
Write charge in top right corner
Electron Dot Diagram Cation
Zero dots
Brackets around
Write charge
Comes First
Cations
Polyatomic Ions
A group of covalently bonded atoms that bond in such a way that the group has a net charge
Lewis Structure for Polyatomic Ions
Count number of valences to be accounted for
Draw center atom
Show shared pairs of electrons by using a dash instead of dots
Central atom will be atom with least electronegativity
Add dots so each atom has octet
Count to make sure number is correct
If ion, add brackets and record charge
Lewis Structure for Polyatomic Ions Rules
Central atom will be carbon if present and hydrogen will never be as it only forms one bond
Each dash represents two electrons
If you have two more electrons than needed, there is a double bond somewhere
Four more electrons than needed, triple bond or two double bonds
Chemical Formula For Ionic Compound
Represents one formula unit of that compound
Oxidation
Charge
Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state
Fixed
Single known charge
Anions are always fixed
Cation and Anion Rules
Cation first and keeps name
Anion changes end to -ide
Cross Over Method
Cross the charge number over the subscript of the other atom
ALWAYS REDUCE
Polyatomic Ions I’m Confused
Ion made up of more than one acts as single charge
Treat as one unit
Never change subscripts
Multivalent
More than one possible oxidation state
Type 1 Compound
Binary
Metal from columns 1, 2, or 13 and a nonmetal
Only one charge or oxidation state
