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Honors Chemistry > Bonding and Naming Quiz > Flashcards

Bonding and Naming Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Bond

A

Attractive force between atoms or ions that bind them together as a unit

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2
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

Electrons are shared
Nonmetal plus nonmetal

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3
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Electrons are transferred
Metal plus nonmetal
Net charge is always zero
Metals transfer to nonmetals

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4
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Each metal contributes electrons and the electrons flow between atoms
Metal plus metal
Low electronegativity so free to move

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5
Q

Chemical Formula

A

Smallest particle

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6
Q

Formula Unit

A

The chemical formula for an ionic compound, or the simplest whole number ratio of ions present in the crystalline structure
NaCl

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7
Q

Molecular Formula

A

CO2

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8
Q

Compound

A

Two types of elements is binary
More than two types of elements is ternary

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9
Q

Ion

A

One atom is monatomic ion
Two or more atoms is polyatomic ion

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10
Q

Type of Structure

A

Ionic is crystal lattice
Covalent is true molecules
Metallic is “electron sea” or lattice

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11
Q

Physical State

A

Ionic is solid
Covalent is solid, iquid, or gas
Metallic is solid

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12
Q

Melting Point

A

Ionic is high
Covalent is low
Metallic is very high

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13
Q

Solubility in Water

A

Ionic yes
Covalent usually not
Metallic no

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14
Q

Electrical Conductivity

A

Ionic is yes in solution or liquid
Covalent is no
Metallic is yes any form

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15
Q

Other Properties

A

Covalent is odorous
Metallic is malleable, ductile, and lustruous

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16
Q

Polar Covalent

A

Unequal attraction for shared electrons creating partially charged poles or asymmetrical electron density
Overlapping two orbitals and creating polar molecule

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17
Q

Non Polar Covalent

A

Electrons are shared equally or symmetrical electron density
Overlapping orbital

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18
Q

Most Bonds Are

A

A blend of ionic and covalent characteristics

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19
Q

Non Polar Covalent Bond

A

Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms with no charge
Even sharing

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20
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms with a partial charge
Uneven sharing

21
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Complete transfer of one or more valence electrons with full charge on resulting ions
Complete transfer

22
Q

Electronegativity

A

The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons

23
Q

END

A

Difference in electronegativity which determines bond type
Nonpolar is <0.5 nonmetal + nonmetal
Polar is 0.5 to 1.7 nonmetal + nonmetal
Ionic is >1.7 nonmetal + metal

24
Q

Salts

A

Product of ionic bonding, oppositely charged ions

25
Q

Delocalized

A

Free to roam about

26
Q

Metal Delocalized

A

Vacant and nearly empty orbitals of metals overlap

27
Q

Metal Alloys

A

Formed when metal atoms replace other metal atoms or when smaller metal atoms occupy small spaces between larger atoms

28
Q

True Molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, forming the smallest identifiable unit of substance

29
Q

Ionic Compounds Molecule

A

NOT just a 1:1 ratio
Polyatomic ion

30
Q

Properties of Ionic Compounds

A

DUE TO CRYSTAL LATTICE STRUCTURE
Strong
High melting and boiling points
Conducts electricity in aqueous state
Solids at room temperature
Brittle

31
Q

Crystalline Solid

A

A three dimensional network of positive and negative ions mutually attracted to one another

32
Q

Crystal Lattice

A

The orderly three dimensional arrangement of ions
Energy is higher so stronger bond

33
Q

Electron Dot Diagram

A

Show only the valnce electrons of an atom
Place one dot on each side before pairing up
Also called ionic compound formations, Lewis dot diagrams, or Lewis structures

34
Q

Helium Electron Dot Diagram

A

Use two dots on same side

35
Q

Electron Dot Diagram Anion

A

Put eight dots
Brackets around symbol and dots
Write charge in top right corner

36
Q

Electron Dot Diagram Cation

A

Zero dots
Brackets around
Write charge

37
Q

Comes First

A

Cations

38
Q

Polyatomic Ions

A

A group of covalently bonded atoms that bond in such a way that the group has a net charge

39
Q

Lewis Structure for Polyatomic Ions

A

Count number of valences to be accounted for
Draw center atom
Show shared pairs of electrons by using a dash instead of dots
Central atom will be atom with least electronegativity
Add dots so each atom has octet
Count to make sure number is correct
If ion, add brackets and record charge

40
Q

Lewis Structure for Polyatomic Ions Rules

A

Central atom will be carbon if present and hydrogen will never be as it only forms one bond
Each dash represents two electrons
If you have two more electrons than needed, there is a double bond somewhere
Four more electrons than needed, triple bond or two double bonds

41
Q

Chemical Formula For Ionic Compound

A

Represents one formula unit of that compound

42
Q

Oxidation

A

Charge
Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state

43
Q

Fixed

A

Single known charge
Anions are always fixed

44
Q

Cation and Anion Rules

A

Cation first and keeps name
Anion changes end to -ide

45
Q

Cross Over Method

A

Cross the charge number over the subscript of the other atom
ALWAYS REDUCE

46
Q

Polyatomic Ions I’m Confused

A

Ion made up of more than one acts as single charge
Treat as one unit
Never change subscripts

47
Q

Multivalent

A

More than one possible oxidation state

48
Q

Type 1 Compound

A

Binary
Metal from columns 1, 2, or 13 and a nonmetal
Only one charge or oxidation state

Honors Chemistry (10 decks)

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