Unit 1

Question 1

Bond Formations

Answer 1

Ionic transferred from metal to nonmetal
Covalent shared between two nonmetals
Metal delocalized among metal atoms

Question 2

Physical States

Answer 2

Ionic solid
Covalent solid, liquid, or gas
Metal solid

Question 3

Melting Points

Answer 3

Ionic high
Covalent low
Metal very high

Question 4

Solubility

Answer 4

Ionic yes
Covalent usually not
Metal no

Question 5

Electrical Conductivity

Answer 5

Ionic yes solution or liquid
Covalent not
Metal yes any form

Question 6

Other Properties

Answer 6

Ionic no
Covalent odorous
Metal malleable, ductile, lustrous

Question 7

Salts

Answer 7

Product of ionic bonding
Oppositely charged ions

Question 8

Metal Alloys

Answer 8

Formed when metal atoms replace other metal atoms
Or when larger metal atoms occupy small spaces between larger atoms

Question 9

True Molecule

Answer 9

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Forming the smallest identifiable unit of substance

Question 10

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Answer 10

Bonds are very strong
High melting and boiling point
Does not conduct electricity in solid state but aqueous state
Solids at room temperature
Made of metal and nonmetal

Question 11

Aqueous

Answer 11

Dissolved in water
Changes properties

Question 12

Crystalline Solid

Answer 12

Three dimensional network of positive and negative ions
Mutually attracted to one another

Question 13

Crystal Lattice

Answer 13

The orderly three dimensional arrangement
Ions

Question 14

Electron Dot Diagrams

Answer 14

Place one dot on each side before pairing up
Besides helium which uses two dots on same side

Question 15

Electron Dot Diagram Cation

Answer 15

Zero dots to represent losing level
Brackets and charge

Question 16

Electron Dot Diagram Anion

Answer 16

Eight dots to represent octet
Brackets and charge

Question 17

Formation of Ionic Compounds

Answer 17

Write metal first
Then nonmetal

Question 18

Lattice Energy

Answer 18

Higher
Means stronger bond

Question 19

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 19

Group of covalently bonded atoms that bond in such a way that the group has a net charge

Question 20

Covalent Naming Rules

Answer 20

Name first element fully using prefix besides one
Second element always change to -ide and ad prefix

Question 21

Acid Naming Rules

Answer 21

Start with hydrogen
No oxygen use hydro-
Find number of hydrogen based on charge of anion
Use other element or polyatomic ion name
-ate to -ic
-ite to -ous

Question 22

Binary Acid

Answer 22

Second element nonmetal
Root of second elements name follows prefix
Ends with -ic acid

Question 23

Writing Acidic Formulas

Answer 23

No hydro- tells oxyacid
Change -ic to -ate and -ite to -ous
Write symbol with their charges
All begin with H+1
Add the nonmetal
Crossover and reduce

Question 24

Incomplete Octet

Answer 24

Hydrogen only forms one bond
Boron only forms three bonds
Beryllium only forms two bonds

Question 25

Expanded Octets

Answer 25

P S Xe

Question 26

Can Form Covalent Bonds

Answer 26

Beryllium Yuh

Question 27

Can Form With Expanded Octets

Answer 27

Periods 3 And below

Question 28

Valence Electrons

Answer 28

Across Yuh

Question 29

Lewis Structure Rules

Answer 29

Count Find middle Set up Add to middle then ends Create bonds Count again

Question 30

HONC

Answer 30

Hydrogen and halogens form one bond never central atom Oxygen forms two bonds Nitrogen forms three bonds Carbon forms four bonds

Question 31

Lone Pairs

Answer 31

Repel more strongly because they take up more space Reduce bond angle

Question 32

REMEMBER

Answer 32

Don't forget to check diatomic Ionic can't share bonds

Question 33

Dipoles

Answer 33

Polar bonds constitute Polarity of individual polar bond between atoms Or he net polarity of a polar molecule that may have several polar covalent bonds within it Or the polar molecule itself

Question 34

Polarity of Molecules Can Affect

Answer 34

Many of their other properties Such as their solubility, boiling and melting points, and their odor

Question 35

Electronegativity Symbol

Answer 35

∆EN Yuh

Question 36

Determining Molecular Polarity One Central Atom

Answer 36

Lone pairs means polar No lone pairs but terminal atoms on same element means nonpolar No lone pairs and no terminal atoms means polar

Question 37

Determining Molecular Polarity Two or More Central Atoms

Answer 37

Lone pairs means polar No lone pairs but central and terminal atoms on same element means nonpolar No lone pairs but central atoms on same element and no terminal atoms on same element means polarity depends on symmetry No lone pairs and no central atoms means polar

Question 38

Molecule Can Still Be Nonpolar If

Answer 38

Overall pull still cancels out Bonds are still evenly spaced Magnitude is what matters

Question 39

Less Electronegative

Answer 39

Named first Yuh

Question 40

Bent Shape Ensures

Answer 40

Dipole moments don't cancel out Yuh

Question 41

Resonance Structure

Answer 41

Set of two or more electron dot diagrams of a single polyatomic Including fractional bonds and fractional charges

Question 42

Molecular/Geometric Structure

Answer 42

Three dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule Including the bond lengths, angles, and relative positions of each atom

Question 43

Type I Binary Compound

Answer 43

Has cation that has only one charge Metals in group one and group two and aluminum in group thirteen

Question 44

Type II Binary Compound

Answer 44

Has cation that has multiple charges All other metals that are not type one

Question 45

Type I Ternary Compound

Answer 45

Contains a metal with fixed oxidation Bonded to polyatomic ion

Question 46

Type II Ternary Compound

Answer 46

Contains a multivalent metal Bonded to a polyatomic ion

Question 47

Oxyanion

Answer 47

A negatively charged polyatomic ion That contains oxygen