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Honors Chemistry > Quiz 2 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical VS Nuclear Reactions Same

A

Atoms attain stability, mass and change must be balanced

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2
Q

Radioactivity

A

Process by which an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits high energy particles or rays from the nucleus in order to attain stability

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3
Q

Radioactive Isotope/Radioisotope

A

Isotope with an unstable nucleus

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4
Q

Strong Nuclear Force/Strong Force

A

An attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, stronger than the four fundamental forces

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5
Q

Electrostatic Force

A

Causes protons to repel other protons

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6
Q

Nuclear Force

A

Created by neutrons and holds nucleus together

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7
Q

Unstable and Radioactive Elements

A

Above #83 or found by finding neutron to proton ratio

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8
Q

Finding Neutron to Proton Ratio

A

Subtract mass number and atomic number then divide by atomic number

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9
Q

Majority of Isotopes

A

Are unstable and decay over time

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10
Q

Elements Below #20

A

Have 1:1 neutron to proton ratio

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11
Q

Band of Stability

A

Relationship between nuclear force and electrostatic forces between protons

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12
Q

Decay Occurs in Order To

A

Return nucleus to band of stability

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13
Q

Nuclear Reaction

A

Affects the nucleus of the atom, giving off large amounts of energy

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14
Q

Alpha Particle

A

4/2 He, +2 charge, 4 amu, heavy, low penetration, low danger

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15
Q

Beta Particle

A

0/-1 e, -1 charge, 0 amu, light, medium penetration, medium danger

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16
Q

Gamma Ray

A

0/0 y, 0 charge, 0 amu, no mass, high penetration, high danger

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17
Q

Radiation Changes to Nucleus

A

Alpha mass number -4 atomic number -2
Beta neutron to proton atomic number +1
Gamma no change

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18
Q

Positron

A

Particle that has same mass as electron but opposite charge

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19
Q

Positron Emission

A

0/+1 e

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20
Q

Neutron Emission

A

1/0 n

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21
Q

Proton Emission

A

1/1 p

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22
Q

Emission

A

Top mass bottom charge

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23
Q

K-Capture

A

When a nucleus captures an electron from their inner most energy level

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24
Q

Proton and Electron Form

A

A neutron

25
Q

Alpha Particle is A

A

Helium nucleus

26
Q

Beta Particle is An

A

Electron

27
Q

Quarks

A

Protons are made of two up and one down
Neutrons are made of two down and one up

28
Q

In Beta Decay

A

Electron leaves which adds a proton

29
Q

In Electron Capture or Positron Emission

A

Proton leaves which adds an electron

30
Q

Large Atom VS Small Atom

A

Alpha VS beta

31
Q

Bombardment/Capture

A

Radiation taken in

32
Q

Nuclear VS Chemical Reactions Different

A

Nucleus VS electrons
In nuclear elements change, isotopes matter, spontaneous, can not be sped up/slowed/stopped, decay chain

33
Q

Transmutation

A

Elements change to other elements

34
Q

Decay Chain

A

If the product of a nuclear reaction is unstable, it will decay as well

35
Q

Alpha Decay

A

4 He + mass number -4 new symbol
2 atomic number -2

36
Q

Radioactive/Parent Isotope

A

Isotope in reactant

37
Q

Daughter Isotope

A

Isotope in product

38
Q

Beta Decay

A

0 e + mass number new symbol
-1 atomic number +1

39
Q

Capture VS Decay

A

Follow the signs VS opposite

40
Q

Artificial Radioactive Nuclides

A

Made by artificial transmutations through the bombardments of nuclei with charged and uncharged particles

41
Q

Transuranium Elements

A

Elements produced by artificial transmutations, beyond uranium #92

42
Q

Bombardment Reactions

A

Induced by accelerating a particle and colliding it with a nuclei

43
Q

Particle Accelerators

A

Make particles race towards each other a little less than the speed of light than collide

44
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

Very heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei

45
Q

Chain Reaction

A

Self propagating reaction or the material that starts is also the product and creates another reaction

46
Q

Critical Mass

A

The mass required to sustain a chain reaction

47
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

Combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus, deuterium-tritium fusion reaction

48
Q

Deuterium

A

Stable isotope of hydrogen with an added neutron

49
Q

Tritium

A

Radioactive isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons

50
Q

Fission VS Fusion

A

1) Uranium-235 is limited, fuel is abundant
2) Danger of meltdown, none
3) Toxic waste, none
4) Thermal pollution, not yet sustainable

51
Q

Fusion Requires

A

Material in plasma state

52
Q

Radon Daughters

A

Short lived, very radioactive radon progeny

53
Q

Decay Series

A

Series of radioactive isotopes produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable isotope is reached

54
Q

Radioactive Isotopes Have

A

Too many or too few neutrons

55
Q

Half-Life

A

(t1/2) The time required for half of the atoms in a radioactive isotope to decay

56
Q

During Each Half-Life

A

Half of the remaining radioactive atoms decay into atoms of a new element

57
Q

Shorter Half-Life Indicates

A

A less stable nucleus

58
Q

Formula

A

mf = mi/2^n
mf = final mass
mi = initial mass
n = number of half-lives, the length of one is the total time passed

Honors Chemistry (9 decks)

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