Quiz 2 Unit 2

Question 1

Chemical VS Nuclear Reactions Same

Answer 1

Atoms attain stability, mass and change must be balanced

Question 2

Radioactivity

Answer 2

Process by which an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits high energy particles or rays from the nucleus in order to attain stability

Question 3

Radioactive Isotope/Radioisotope

Answer 3

Isotope with an unstable nucleus

Question 4

Strong Nuclear Force/Strong Force

Answer 4

An attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, stronger than the four fundamental forces

Question 5

Electrostatic Force

Answer 5

Causes protons to repel other protons

Question 6

Nuclear Force

Answer 6

Created by neutrons and holds nucleus together

Question 7

Unstable and Radioactive Elements

Answer 7

Above #83 or found by finding neutron to proton ratio

Question 8

Finding Neutron to Proton Ratio

Answer 8

Subtract mass number and atomic number then divide by atomic number

Question 9

Majority of Isotopes

Answer 9

Are unstable and decay over time

Question 10

Elements Below #20

Answer 10

Have 1:1 neutron to proton ratio

Question 11

Band of Stability

Answer 11

Relationship between nuclear force and electrostatic forces between protons

Question 12

Decay Occurs in Order To

Answer 12

Return nucleus to band of stability

Question 13

Nuclear Reaction

Answer 13

Affects the nucleus of the atom, giving off large amounts of energy

Question 14

Alpha Particle

Answer 14

4/2 He, +2 charge, 4 amu, heavy, low penetration, low danger

Question 15

Beta Particle

Answer 15

0/-1 e, -1 charge, 0 amu, light, medium penetration, medium danger

Question 16

Gamma Ray

Answer 16

0/0 y, 0 charge, 0 amu, no mass, high penetration, high danger

Question 17

Radiation Changes to Nucleus

Answer 17

Alpha mass number -4 atomic number -2
Beta neutron to proton atomic number +1
Gamma no change

Question 18

Positron

Answer 18

Particle that has same mass as electron but opposite charge

Question 19

Positron Emission

Answer 19

0/+1 e

Question 20

Neutron Emission

Answer 20

1/0 n

Question 21

Proton Emission

Answer 21

1/1 p

Question 22

Emission

Answer 22

Top mass bottom charge

Question 23

K-Capture

Answer 23

When a nucleus captures an electron from their inner most energy level

Question 24

Proton and Electron Form

Answer 24

A neutron

Question 25

Alpha Particle is A

Answer 25

Helium nucleus

Question 26

Beta Particle is An

Answer 26

Electron

Question 27

Quarks

Answer 27

Protons are made of two up and one down Neutrons are made of two down and one up

Question 28

In Beta Decay

Answer 28

Electron leaves which adds a proton

Question 29

In Electron Capture or Positron Emission

Answer 29

Proton leaves which adds an electron

Question 30

Large Atom VS Small Atom

Answer 30

Alpha VS beta

Question 31

Bombardment/Capture

Answer 31

Radiation taken in

Question 32

Nuclear VS Chemical Reactions Different

Answer 32

Nucleus VS electrons In nuclear elements change, isotopes matter, spontaneous, can not be sped up/slowed/stopped, decay chain

Question 33

Transmutation

Answer 33

Elements change to other elements

Question 34

Decay Chain

Answer 34

If the product of a nuclear reaction is unstable, it will decay as well

Question 35

Alpha Decay

Answer 35

4 He + mass number -4 new symbol 2 atomic number -2

Question 36

Radioactive/Parent Isotope

Answer 36

Isotope in reactant

Question 37

Daughter Isotope

Answer 37

Isotope in product

Question 38

Beta Decay

Answer 38

0 e + mass number new symbol -1 atomic number +1

Question 39

Capture VS Decay

Answer 39

Follow the signs VS opposite

Question 40

Artificial Radioactive Nuclides

Answer 40

Made by artificial transmutations through the bombardments of nuclei with charged and uncharged particles

Question 41

Transuranium Elements

Answer 41

Elements produced by artificial transmutations, beyond uranium #92

Question 42

Bombardment Reactions

Answer 42

Induced by accelerating a particle and colliding it with a nuclei

Question 43

Particle Accelerators

Answer 43

Make particles race towards each other a little less than the speed of light than collide

Question 44

Nuclear Fission

Answer 44

Very heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei

Question 45

Chain Reaction

Answer 45

Self propagating reaction or the material that starts is also the product and creates another reaction

Question 46

Critical Mass

Answer 46

The mass required to sustain a chain reaction

Question 47

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 47

Combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus, deuterium-tritium fusion reaction

Question 48

Deuterium

Answer 48

Stable isotope of hydrogen with an added neutron

Question 49

Tritium

Answer 49

Radioactive isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons

Question 50

Fission VS Fusion

Answer 50

1) Uranium-235 is limited, fuel is abundant 2) Danger of meltdown, none 3) Toxic waste, none 4) Thermal pollution, not yet sustainable

Question 51

Fusion Requires

Answer 51

Material in plasma state

Question 52

Radon Daughters

Answer 52

Short lived, very radioactive radon progeny

Question 53

Decay Series

Answer 53

Series of radioactive isotopes produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable isotope is reached

Question 54

Radioactive Isotopes Have

Answer 54

Too many or too few neutrons

Question 55

Half-Life

Answer 55

(t1/2) The time required for half of the atoms in a radioactive isotope to decay

Question 56

During Each Half-Life

Answer 56

Half of the remaining radioactive atoms decay into atoms of a new element

Question 57

Shorter Half-Life Indicates

Answer 57

A less stable nucleus

Question 58

Formula

Answer 58

mf = mi/2^n mf = final mass mi = initial mass n = number of half-lives, the length of one is the total time passed