Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the end of the spinal cord?
conus medullaris
What is the filum terminale ?
Extension of meninges.
What are the five sections of the spinal cord?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
What are the gray matter regions? (3 horns)
posterior horn- sensory (coming in)
anterior horn- motor (going out)
lateral horn- autonomic
How many cranial nerves exit directly from the brain
there are 12 cranial nerves
How many pairs of spinal nerves come off he spinal cord. How many from each part of the spinal cord.
31 pairs of spinal nerves
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
What do plexuses do ?
spread info so we aren’t relying on one pathway
What does your Phrenic Nerve do ?
Innervates the diaphragm
What is CN1 and what does it do?
CN1- Olfactory
All sensory. Found resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bones
What do fascicles of olfactory nerves do ?
Fascicles pick up scents .
What is CN2 and function
CN2/ Optic
All sensory. Found on the underside of the cerebrum in an X formation
What is CN3 and function?
CN3/ Oculomotor
All motor. runs from midbrain to the muscles surrounding the eye.
What is CN4 and function?
CN4/Trochlear
All motor. Runs from midbrain to the superior muscle of the eye
What is CN5 and function? Where does it originate?
CN5/ Trigeminal
Motor and Sensory.
Has 3 branches
- 1 and 2 are sensory for the face
- 3 has sensory and motor for chewing muscles
Originates in pons
What is CN6 and function?
CN6/Abducens
Motor only. Originates in pons runs to lateral muscle of the eye
What is CN7 and function? Origination
CN7/ Facial
Motor and Sensory. Origination in pons, has 5 branches. Provides motor for facial expression, secreting tears and saliva; sensory for taste.
What is CN8 and function?
CN8/Vestibulocochlear
Sensory only. Found within the inner ear (hearing)
What is CN9 and function? Originates ?
CN9/ Glossopharyngeal
Motor and sensory. Originates in the medulla and runs to the carotid body, pharynx and tongue
What is CN10 and function? Originates ?
CN10/ Vagus
Motor and Sensory. Originates in the medulla and innervates most abdominal cavity organs.
What is CN11 and function/originates ?
CN11/ Accessory.
Mostly motor function. Originates in the medulla and innervates SCM and trapezius.
What is CN12 and function/originates?
CN12/ Hypoglossal (tongue)
Motor only. Originates in the medulla and innervates the tongue.
Define Foramen and Facet
Foramen: hole
Facet: a smooth flat or nearly flat anatomical surface of a bone
Define Skull bones: Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, vomer
Sphenoid: covers entire width of skull
Ethmoid and Lacrimal: eye socket bones
Nasal Bone: bony bridge of nose
Zygomatic bone: cheek bone/ outer eye socket
Maxilla: upper mouth
Mandible: jaw
Vomer: nasal septum
What makes up the hard palate?
Maxilla and Palatine bone (furthest part of roof of mouth)
What is the occipital condyle?
Allows for articulation between C1 and skull
What is the foramen magnum?
Where the brainstem/spinal cord exiting.
What is the Nasopharynx?
Connection between ear and nose (sinus)
What are the two areas of the sphenoid bone/function? Special middle bone?
Lesser (middle) and Greater wing (ends).
Lesser: makes up most of the rear of the eye orbits.
Greater: contributes to the sides of the skull in the area you might call your temples. contributes to the cranial floor
Sella turcica holds and protects pituitary gland