Unit 14

Question 1

A formal descriptive assessment method in which the observer records events that occur both immediately before and after each instance of the target behavior is ________________________.

Answer 1

ABC recording

Question 2

________________ reinforcement is defined as something being received by the client, and the behavior increasing in frequency or continuing in the future.

Answer 2

Positive

Question 3

Determining the function of a behavior experimentally under highly controlled conditions characterizes a ________________________.

Answer 3

functional analysis

Question 4

If direct observation of the target behavior is done in a natural context, the assessment method being used is a ______________________________.

Answer 4

descriptive assessment

Question 5

Behavior may also occur because it results in ________________.

Answer 5

attention

Question 6

Descriptive assessments only demonstrate a ______________ between a behavior and a given consequence; they do not show a cause-effect relation.

Answer 6

correlation

Question 7

If a behavior is maintained by ________________ reinforcement, it occurs because it results in the client escaping or avoiding some unpleasant situation.

Answer 7

negative

Question 8

The _________________ or structural definition of a behavior is what the behavior looks like to an observer.

Answer 8

topography

Question 9

Functional analyses are more precise than descriptive assessments because they involve an ___________________ analysis that permits causal statements to be made.

Answer 9

experimental

Question 10

An ______________________ contingency involves stopping or terminating an undesirable situation that is already occurring.

Answer 10

escape

Question 11

Indirect assessments are very simple to implement, but are less precise because they rely on _______________, or verbal reports by others, to determine function rather than direct observation or experimental analysis.

Answer 11

anecdotes

Question 12

One common function of behavior is to access items such as toys or food. This function is called access to ______________ items.

Answer 12

tangible

Question 13

The _______________ of a behavior is determined by what consequence it produces.

Answer 13

function

Question 14

Indirect assessments are also known as _____________________ assessments because they rely on others to report information about the potential causes of the target behavior.

Answer 14

informant-based

Question 15

When a behavior directly produces the consequence and does not require the intervention of another person, that behavior is said to be ______________________ reinforced.

Answer 15

automatically

Question 16

The purpose of a ____________________ is to determine the three-term contingency that is responsible for maintaining the target problem behavior.

Answer 16

functional assessment

Question 17

________________________ involve interviewing people who are familiar with the client to determine what consequences might occur as a result of the target behavior.

Answer 17

Indirect assessments

Question 18

_______________ reinforcement includes consequences that are provided by another person.

Answer 18

Social

Question 19

A functional class of behaviors may physically look different, but they are equivalent because they all produce the same ___________________.

Answer 19

consequence

Question 20

An _____________________ contingency involves delaying or preventing the occurrence of an undesirable situation before it has begun.

Answer 20

avoidance