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Bio > Unit 1.3 > Flashcards

Unit 1.3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are elements made out of?

A

atoms

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2
Q

Can elements be broken down into a difference substance?

A

No

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3
Q

What are the four elements that make up 96% of living matter?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

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4
Q

What are the four elements that make up the 4% of all living matter?

A

Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Potassium.

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5
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Protons?

A

Positive charge and is the decider of what element. (atomic number)

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Neutrons?

A

Negative, Protons plus the Neutrons equal the atomic mass.

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8
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

They are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

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9
Q

What is an unstable Isotope.

A

Carbon 14.

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10
Q

What is a Radioactive Isotope?

A

It is an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. (when shedding the excess neutrons, it produces radioactive decay.)

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11
Q

What are Electrons?

A

A negative charged subatomical molecule found in the outer shells.

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12
Q

What do rows contain on the Periodic Table?

A

Same row means same number of shells.

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13
Q

What is the Valence Electrons?

A

The outer most shell, the electrons in this outershell is avaible for loss, gain, or sharing.

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14
Q

What does the Column seperate on the perioudic table?

A

Same row makes makes for the same valence electrons and similar chemical.

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15
Q

What is the Octet Rule?

A

Atoms can either share, gain or lose electrons.

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16
Q

What are the three types of chemical bond?

A

Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen.

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17
Q

What is a Ionic Bond?

A

Forms when 1 atom gives up electrons and another recieves it. Creates a positive or negative chnage to the atoms.

18
Q

What do atoms with ionic bonds do with valence electrons?

A

Give away.

19
Q

What do atoms with covalent bonds do with their valence electrons?

A

Share valence electrons.

20
Q

What type of bonds are all salts?

A

Ionic.

21
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms with charge.

22
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive ions.

23
Q

What are negative ions?

A

Anions.

24
Q

What are the important cations?

A

Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.

25
Q

What are the important anions?

A

HCP3-, PO4^3-, Cl-

26
Q

Can you have one or more covalent bonds with other atoms?

A

Yes, multiple, double and —- covalent bonds.

27
Q

What are amphiphilic molecules?

A

They are a large molecules, which one end is polar and one is nonpolar.

28
Q

What are molecules?

A

A group of atoms bonded together.

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds?

A

A bond between atoms involved in a polar covalent bond. Slightly positive H attracts to slightly negative O, F, or N (H20)

30
Q

What name is the polar molecule head?

A

Hydrophilic head.

31
Q

What name is the part of the tail in a polar molecule.

A

Hydrophobic tails.

32
Q

What is the list from strongest to weakest bond between the three types.

A

Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen bonds.

33
Q

Which bond is the most polar and nonpolar?

A

Covalent bonds.

34
Q

What are the three parts of solutions?

A

Solutions, homogenous mixture with small dissolved sustances.
Solute, substance that will dissolve in solution.
Solvent, the product of the solute and solutions.

35
Q

What is the definition of Hydrophilic?

A

Water soluble/water loving.

36
Q

What is the definition of Hydrophobic?

A

Lipid-soluble/warer fearing. Does not dissolve in H2O.

37
Q

What are the four water mixtures?

A

Suspension, colloid, solutions, and emulsion.

38
Q

What is emulsion?

A

It is a nonpolar liquids(lipids) mixed with H2O, but to fail and seperate when not forcably mixed. (water and oil)

39
Q

Definition of Sustension?

A

Large solutes or cells that catter light and settle if mixture is not in motion. Substance is less than 100nm. (blood celss in plasma)

40
Q

Definition of Solution?

A

Less than 1nm, smallest solutes do not scatter light or settle.

41
Q

Definition of Colloid?

A

Smaller solutes than suspension, scatter light but does not settle, substance is 1-100nm.

Bio (19 decks)

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