Unit 1.3 Flashcards
What are elements made out of?
atoms
Can elements be broken down into a difference substance?
No
What are the four elements that make up 96% of living matter?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
What are the four elements that make up the 4% of all living matter?
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Potassium.
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
What are the characteristics of Protons?
Positive charge and is the decider of what element. (atomic number)
What are the characteristics of Neutrons?
Negative, Protons plus the Neutrons equal the atomic mass.
What are Isotopes?
They are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
What is an unstable Isotope.
Carbon 14.
What is a Radioactive Isotope?
It is an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. (when shedding the excess neutrons, it produces radioactive decay.)
What are Electrons?
A negative charged subatomical molecule found in the outer shells.
What do rows contain on the Periodic Table?
Same row means same number of shells.
What is the Valence Electrons?
The outer most shell, the electrons in this outershell is avaible for loss, gain, or sharing.
What does the Column seperate on the perioudic table?
Same row makes makes for the same valence electrons and similar chemical.
What is the Octet Rule?
Atoms can either share, gain or lose electrons.
What are the three types of chemical bond?
Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen.
What is a Ionic Bond?
Forms when 1 atom gives up electrons and another recieves it. Creates a positive or negative chnage to the atoms.
What do atoms with ionic bonds do with valence electrons?
Give away.
What do atoms with covalent bonds do with their valence electrons?
Share valence electrons.
What type of bonds are all salts?
Ionic.
What are ions?
Atoms with charge.
What are cations?
Positive ions.
What are negative ions?
Anions.
What are the important cations?
Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.
What are the important anions?
HCP3-, PO4^3-, Cl-
Can you have one or more covalent bonds with other atoms?
Yes, multiple, double and —- covalent bonds.
What are amphiphilic molecules?
They are a large molecules, which one end is polar and one is nonpolar.
What are molecules?
A group of atoms bonded together.
Hydrogen bonds?
A bond between atoms involved in a polar covalent bond. Slightly positive H attracts to slightly negative O, F, or N (H20)
What name is the polar molecule head?
Hydrophilic head.
What name is the part of the tail in a polar molecule.
Hydrophobic tails.
What is the list from strongest to weakest bond between the three types.
Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen bonds.
Which bond is the most polar and nonpolar?
Covalent bonds.
What are the three parts of solutions?
Solutions, homogenous mixture with small dissolved sustances.
Solute, substance that will dissolve in solution.
Solvent, the product of the solute and solutions.
What is the definition of Hydrophilic?
Water soluble/water loving.
What is the definition of Hydrophobic?
Lipid-soluble/warer fearing. Does not dissolve in H2O.
What are the four water mixtures?
Suspension, colloid, solutions, and emulsion.
What is emulsion?
It is a nonpolar liquids(lipids) mixed with H2O, but to fail and seperate when not forcably mixed. (water and oil)
Definition of Sustension?
Large solutes or cells that catter light and settle if mixture is not in motion. Substance is less than 100nm. (blood celss in plasma)
Definition of Solution?
Less than 1nm, smallest solutes do not scatter light or settle.
Definition of Colloid?
Smaller solutes than suspension, scatter light but does not settle, substance is 1-100nm.
