Unit 12 Epidemiology

Question 1

What are the common types of fractures?

Answer 1

• Stable fractures
• Open, compound fractures
• Transverse fracture
• Oblique fracture
• Comminuted fracture

Question 2

Stable Fractures

Answer 2

The bones remain lined up with one another.

Question 3

Open, compound fractures:

Answer 3

The skin is opened by the bone or by the force that breaks both the skin and the bone

Question 4

Transverse Fracture

Answer 4

The fracture line is horizontal in nature.

Question 5

Oblique Fracture

Answer 5

The fracture has an angled pattern.

Question 6

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 6

The bone is shattered

Question 7

What are the symptoms of a fracture?

Answer 7

Fractures will typically result in swelling, pain, bruising, and possibly deformity around the site of the fracture

Question 8

What are the typical causes of fractures?

Answer 8

Fractures are most often caused by trauma, osteoporosis, and overuse

Question 9

What are the broad types of soft-tissue injuries we may see in clients?

Answer 9

Sprains, which are injuries to the ligaments; strains, which are injuries to muscles or tendons; contusions, which are bruises; and overuse injuries, which occur from repeated damage to an area of soft tissue that becomes irritated or inflamed

Question 10

Grade 1 Sprain

Answer 10

A mild sprain with minimal damage to the ligament; it typically has low impact on a person’s functional ability and a quick recovery time.

Question 11

Grade 2 Sprain

Answer 11

A moderate sprain with partial tearing of the ligament. The joint is less stable and more susceptible to additional injury.

Question 12

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 12

Severe sprains that result in a complete tear of the ligament, rendering the joint nonfunctional

Question 13

What are common types of overuse injuries?

Answer 13

Tendinitis and Bursitis

Question 14

Tendinitis (Overuse Injuries)

Answer 14

An inflammation or irritation of the covering of a tendon, which causes pain and swelling that becomes worse with use.

Question 15

Bursitis (Overuse Injuries)

Answer 15

Irritation of the small bursa sacs present between some bones and surrounding tissue, which results in pain and often accompanies tendonitis.

Question 16

What is the typical simple treatment for minor soft-tissue injuries?

Answer 16

RICE: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation. This is appropriate for acute soft- tissue injuries that are not severe and when no contraindications to ice, compression, or elevation are present.

Question 17

What is the prevalence of OA?

Answer 17

OA is the most common form of arthritis and affects approximately 30 million adults in the US

Question 18

What is the prevalence of RA?

Answer 18

RA is the most common type of rheumatic arthritis, affecting approximately 1% of the population or a little more than 1 million people in the United States

Question 19

What are the symptoms of OA?

Answer 19

Pain, aching, stiffness, decreased joint motion, and swelling.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of RA?

Answer 20

Pain in multiple joints, stiffness in multiple joints, tenderness in multiple joints, similar symptoms bilaterally, weight loss, fever, fatigue, and weakness

Question 21

What are the risk factors for OA?

Answer 21

Joint injury or overuse, older age, being a woman, being overweight, and a family history of OA

Question 22

What are the risk factors for RA?

Answer 22

Older age, being a woman, genetic factors, smoking, women who have given birth, and obesity.

Question 23

Which joints are commonly affected by OA?

Answer 23

Hands, hips, and knees, though OA in the spine is becoming more common.

Question 24

Which joints are commonly affected by RA?

Answer 24

Hands, wrists, and knees