Unit 12 Epidemiology Flashcards
What are the common types of fractures?
- Stable fractures
- Open, compound fractures
- Transverse fracture
- Oblique fracture
- Comminuted fracture
Stable Fractures
The bones remain lined up with one another.
Open, compound fractures:
The skin is opened by the bone or by the force that breaks both the skin and the bone
Transverse Fracture
The fracture line is horizontal in nature.
Oblique Fracture
The fracture has an angled pattern.
Comminuted Fracture
The bone is shattered
What are the symptoms of a fracture?
Fractures will typically result in swelling, pain, bruising, and possibly deformity around the site of the fracture
What are the typical causes of fractures?
Fractures are most often caused by trauma, osteoporosis, and overuse
What are the broad types of soft-tissue injuries we may see in clients?
Sprains, which are injuries to the ligaments; strains, which are injuries to muscles or tendons; contusions, which are bruises; and overuse injuries, which occur from repeated damage to an area of soft tissue that becomes irritated or inflamed
Grade 1 Sprain
A mild sprain with minimal damage to the ligament; it typically has low impact on a person’s functional ability and a quick recovery time.
Grade 2 Sprain
A moderate sprain with partial tearing of the ligament. The joint is less stable and more susceptible to additional injury.
Grade 3 Sprain
Severe sprains that result in a complete tear of the ligament, rendering the joint nonfunctional
What are common types of overuse injuries?
Tendinitis and Bursitis
Tendinitis (Overuse Injuries)
An inflammation or irritation of the covering of a tendon, which causes pain and swelling that becomes worse with use.
Bursitis (Overuse Injuries)
Irritation of the small bursa sacs present between some bones and surrounding tissue, which results in pain and often accompanies tendonitis.
What is the typical simple treatment for minor soft-tissue injuries?
RICE: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation. This is appropriate for acute soft- tissue injuries that are not severe and when no contraindications to ice, compression, or elevation are present.
What is the prevalence of OA?
OA is the most common form of arthritis and affects approximately 30 million adults in the US
What is the prevalence of RA?
RA is the most common type of rheumatic arthritis, affecting approximately 1% of the population or a little more than 1 million people in the United States
What are the symptoms of OA?
Pain, aching, stiffness, decreased joint motion, and swelling.
What are the symptoms of RA?
Pain in multiple joints, stiffness in multiple joints, tenderness in multiple joints, similar symptoms bilaterally, weight loss, fever, fatigue, and weakness
What are the risk factors for OA?
Joint injury or overuse, older age, being a woman, being overweight, and a family history of OA
What are the risk factors for RA?
Older age, being a woman, genetic factors, smoking, women who have given birth, and obesity.
Which joints are commonly affected by OA?
Hands, hips, and knees, though OA in the spine is becoming more common.
Which joints are commonly affected by RA?
Hands, wrists, and knees
