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USAHS Conditions Test 3 > Cardiopulmonary Disorders Part 1 > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Disorders Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A review of the cardiopulmonary system

A
  • Consists of the lungs, heart, and their interconnections.

- The heart and lungs work together to efficiently transport oxygen and nutrients to all systems in the body.

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2
Q

Circulation of Blood Through the Heart

A
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3
Q

Blood Pressure Normal Range

A

<120/80 mm/hg

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4
Q

Blood Pressure Abnormal Range

A

Hypertension: >140/90 mm/hg
Hypotension: <90/60 mm/Hg
Hypertensive Crisis: 180/120 mm/hg

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5
Q

SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Purpose

A
  • Percentage of oxygen carried by hemoglobin, measured noninvasively with a pulse oximetry probe.
  • Provides information on oxygenation status.
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6
Q

SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Normal Range

A

97-99%

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7
Q

SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Abnormal Range

A

<90%

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8
Q

Respiratory Rate Normal Range Resting

A

10-12 breaths per minute

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9
Q

Respiratory Rate Abnormal Range (Resting)

A

Bradypnea: <12
Tachypnea: >20

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10
Q

Heart Rate Normal Range (Resting)

A

60-100 BPM

Athletes may have lower resting heart rates

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11
Q

Heart Rate Abnormal Range (Resting)

A

Bradycardia: <60 BPM
Tachycardia: >100 BPM

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12
Q

Maximum Heart Rate

A

Max HR = 220- age

ex. if your patient is 40 years old Max HR =180 (220-40)

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13
Q

Vital signs can be an indication of…

A

Homeostasis or stability of the patient. A change in vital signs can indicate a change in medial status.

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14
Q

Occupational therapists may take vitals more frequently in certain settings.

A
  • Acute care & the intensive care unit
  • Home health
  • Inpatient rehabilitation
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15
Q

Vitals can indicate…

A
  • How well a client is tolerating activity from a physiological perspective.
  • Frequency of recording vitals may depend on how medically stable the patient is.
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16
Q

What is a heartbeat?

A

A heartbeat is one cardiac cycle: diastole and systole.

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17
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase; when the four chambers fill up with blood

18
Q

Systole

A

When the filled chambers pump blood out to the next chamber or blood vessel

19
Q

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

A

The graphic recording of the heart’s cardiac cycle.
-The EKG strip shows each phase of the cardiac cycle, which provides information on cardiac functioning and is useful in detecting abnormalities of rate, rhythm, or regularity.

20
Q

EKG Strip

A
21
Q

P wave (EKG Strip)

A

Arterial depolarization; electrical impulse travels through the atria.

22
Q

PR interval (EKG Strip)

A

AV conduction time; impulse travels from the atria to the AV node, and down the bundle branches, to where the ventricles contract.

23
Q

QRS complex (EKG Strip)

A

Ventricular depolarization; impulse travels through the ventricles.

24
Q

T wave (EKG Strip)

A

Ventricular repolarization; ventricles return to their resting state.

25
Q

ST segment (EKG Strip)

A

Early repolarization; the ST segment should be at baseline. If elevated or depressed, could be a sign of MI or ischemia.

26
Q

What is a cardiac arrhythmia?

A

A conduction disturbance of the heart that can lead to changes in rate, rhythm, or regularity.

27
Q

Arrhythmias are categorized by:

A
  • Where the problem originates (i.e. the atrium, ventricle, AV junction)
  • The rate (i.e. normal, fast, slow)
  • Regularity
28
Q

Bradycardia (Abnormal Heart Rates)

A

<60 bpm

29
Q

Tachycardia (Abnormal Heart Rates)

A

> 100 bpm

30
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia (Abnormal Heart Rates)

A

150-250 bpm

31
Q

Atrial flutter (Abnormal Heart Rates)

A

250-350 bpm

32
Q

Atrial fibrillation (Abnormal Heart Rates)

A

> 350 irregular bpm

33
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm, Bradycardia & Tachycardia

A
34
Q

Fibrillation

A

An uncoordinated, extremely rapid and irregular contraction of the atria of ventricles.

35
Q

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

A
  • One of the most common arrhythmias with more than 2 million Americans diagnosed with this condition.
  • Can be a chronic condition that is treated with anti-arrhythmic drugs or shocked back into a normal rhythm.
  • When a patient with A-fib is cleared for occupational therapy services it is important to identify any activity parameters or precautions, monitor tolerance to activity, and modify treatment sessions accordingly.
36
Q

Premature Ventricular Contractions (Ventricular Irregularity)

A
37
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia (Ventricular Irregularity)

A

HR higher than 100 BPM that may be caused by heart disease or acute MI.

38
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation (Ventricular Irregularity)

A

Very serious, can lead to cardiac arrest or sudden death.

39
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation (Ventricular Irregularity)

A

Very serious, can lead to cardiac arrest or sudden death.

40
Q

Occupational therapists work with individuals with cardiopulmonary conditions in a variety of settings.

A
  • Acute care/Intensive Care Unit
  • Outpatient Rehabilitation: Pulmonary rehab, Chronic disease management & lifestyle modification
  • Home health: Disease management, Medical monitoring

USAHS Conditions Test 3 (22 decks)

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