Cardiopulmonary Disorders Part 1 Flashcards
A review of the cardiopulmonary system
- Consists of the lungs, heart, and their interconnections.
- The heart and lungs work together to efficiently transport oxygen and nutrients to all systems in the body.
Circulation of Blood Through the Heart
Blood Pressure Normal Range
<120/80 mm/hg
Blood Pressure Abnormal Range
Hypertension: >140/90 mm/hg
Hypotension: <90/60 mm/Hg
Hypertensive Crisis: 180/120 mm/hg
SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Purpose
- Percentage of oxygen carried by hemoglobin, measured noninvasively with a pulse oximetry probe.
- Provides information on oxygenation status.
SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Normal Range
97-99%
SpO2 (Oxygen saturation) Abnormal Range
<90%
Respiratory Rate Normal Range Resting
10-12 breaths per minute
Respiratory Rate Abnormal Range (Resting)
Bradypnea: <12
Tachypnea: >20
Heart Rate Normal Range (Resting)
60-100 BPM
Athletes may have lower resting heart rates
Heart Rate Abnormal Range (Resting)
Bradycardia: <60 BPM
Tachycardia: >100 BPM
Maximum Heart Rate
Max HR = 220- age
ex. if your patient is 40 years old Max HR =180 (220-40)
Vital signs can be an indication of…
Homeostasis or stability of the patient. A change in vital signs can indicate a change in medial status.
Occupational therapists may take vitals more frequently in certain settings.
- Acute care & the intensive care unit
- Home health
- Inpatient rehabilitation
Vitals can indicate…
- How well a client is tolerating activity from a physiological perspective.
- Frequency of recording vitals may depend on how medically stable the patient is.
What is a heartbeat?
A heartbeat is one cardiac cycle: diastole and systole.
Diastole
Relaxation phase; when the four chambers fill up with blood
Systole
When the filled chambers pump blood out to the next chamber or blood vessel
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
The graphic recording of the heart’s cardiac cycle.
-The EKG strip shows each phase of the cardiac cycle, which provides information on cardiac functioning and is useful in detecting abnormalities of rate, rhythm, or regularity.
EKG Strip
P wave (EKG Strip)
Arterial depolarization; electrical impulse travels through the atria.
PR interval (EKG Strip)
AV conduction time; impulse travels from the atria to the AV node, and down the bundle branches, to where the ventricles contract.
QRS complex (EKG Strip)
Ventricular depolarization; impulse travels through the ventricles.
T wave (EKG Strip)
Ventricular repolarization; ventricles return to their resting state.
