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USAHS Conditions Test 3 > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Obesity

A

A chronic disease epidemic that affects both adults and children and is becoming more prevalent in the United States.

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2
Q

Obesity Statistics

A
  • In 2016, approximately 40% of U.S. adults were obese and approximately 14% of children were classified as obese.
  • Obesity is more prevalent in Hispanic and African American populations, with a significant socioeconomic correlation where those who have higher income and those with higher education are less likely to be obese.
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3
Q

Obesity leads to other conditions such as…

A
  • Heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • &some types of cancer.
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4
Q

People who are obese are more likely to die from…

A

Preventable conditions and die earlier than their non-obese counterparts.

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5
Q

Prevalence and Incidence of Obesity

A
  • Obesity, overweight and physical inactivity account for 1 in 10 deaths in the U.S.
  • More than one-third (about 35%) of adults are obese (approximately 78 million)
  • Almost 13 million (16.9%) of children ages 2 to 19 are obese.
  • Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher are considered obese.
  • Hispanic children having a sedentary lifestyle are at higher risk for obesity.
  • Overweight and obesity are positively associated with functional limitations in crawling, walking, running and playing limiting essential skills for children to explore and participate in various occupations.
  • Cultural and environmental factors may contribute to obesity with limited access to fresh and nutritious food.
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6
Q

Obesity and Diabetes

A
  • Diabetes is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases and is linked with childhood obesity. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition and influenced by environmental factors.
  • Type I diabetic conditions do not produce the adequate amounts of insulin to control blood glucose levels.
  • Type II is a metabolic disorder highly associated with overweight status and often diagnosed in children with the onset of puberty.
  • Over time, both types of diabetes can lead to serious health complications.
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7
Q

According to the American Medical Association, obesity is defined as follows:

A
  • Obesity recently classified as a disease by AMA
  • Obesity is an impairment of the normal functioning of some aspect of the body
  • Obesity is characteristic of signs and symptoms
  • Obesity causes harm or morbidity
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8
Q

Definition Childhood Obesity

A

Child obesity is defined as children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) at or above 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex.

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9
Q

Obesity Factors

A
  • Genetics
  • Behavioral Concerns
  • Psychosocial Factors
  • Environmental Factors
  • Family Habits
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10
Q

Genetics (Obesity Factors)

A

Determined by heredity

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11
Q

Behavioral Concerns (Obesity Factors)

A

Eating habits, lifestyle, activity choices

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12
Q

Psychosocial Factors (Obesity Factors)

A

Depression, anxiety, self-esteem, distress, bullying, teasing

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13
Q

Environmental Factors (Obesity Factors)

A

Sedentary activity, high media users

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14
Q

Family Habits (Obesity Factors)

A

Additional family members with obesity concerns

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15
Q

Risk Factors of Obesity

A
  • Increases blood cholesterol and triglycerides
  • Increases blood pressure
  • Induces diabetes
  • Increases risk of cardiac disease and heart attacks
  • Increases risk of stroke
  • Increases risk of gallstones, osteoarthritis and respiratory problems
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16
Q

Affects of Obesity on Children

A

-Childhood obesity has escalated to a worldwide epidemic and public health issue.
0Insufficient physical activity is linked to one of the greatest contributors to childhood obesity.
-According to the WHO, 2016a, obesity affects morbidity, mortality, overall health, academic achievement and quality of life.
-Obesity undermines a child’s physical, social, emotional and mental health.
-Obesity is a multifaceted problem, putting children at risk for bullying, being stigmatized or marginalized.

17
Q

Stigma of Obesity

A
  • Persons with obesity may be perceived as dishonest, sloppy, lacking self control, unattractive, intellectually impaired, socially impaired
  • Stigma associated with obesity spans the life span, and persons who are obese are at risk for being bullied, having reduced self esteem, having poor self-concept, and are susceptible to verbal and physical abuse.
18
Q

Stress and Anxiety of Obesity

A
  • Increased cortisol as a result of stress may contribute to increased adipose tissue.
  • Chronic stress may lead to reward seeking behaviors related to high food craving and increased weight gain.
19
Q

Physical (Impact of Obesity on occupational engagement)

A
  • Limited mobility
  • Limited ROM
  • Decreased hygiene
  • Poor skin integrity
  • Skin folds, loose skin shearing, open wounds
  • Lymphedema
20
Q

Emotional (Impact of Obesity on occupational engagement)

A
  • Depression
  • Stress
  • Guilt
  • Sadness
21
Q

Social (Impact of Obesity on occupational engagement)

A
  • Isolation
  • Loss of intimacy
  • Slow to participate
  • Family habits
  • Routines
  • Lifestyle
22
Q

Obesity and Bullying

A

According to AOTA, occupational therapists are “front line providers” who can address bullying or prevent bullying entirely during school, play and work routines. Children and teens face multiple challenges:

  • Family stress and tension
  • Feelings of inadequacy
  • Peer rejection
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Experience illness associated with bullying headaches, stomachaches
  • Disruptions in sleep
  • Low morale
23
Q

Role of OT and Education

A
  • Promote healthy living
  • Develop occupation-based health programs
  • Teach empowerment strategies to promote wellness
  • Encourage healthy routines
  • Teach coping and behavioral strategies
  • Teach prevention and healthy habits
  • Promote bully prevention programs
24
Q

OT Role in Bariatric Care (obesity)

A

Helping individuals with lifestyle change, weight management and promoting engagement in meaningful activities

25
Q

Obesity contributes to psychosocial and societal problems like…

A

job absenteeism, less education, fewer housing and work opportunities, societal stigma, limitations in self care and daily activities, and reduced social participation.

26
Q

AOTA Obesity Anti-Bullying Program

A

School Mental Health Work Group (2013). Occupational therapy’s role in mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention with children and youth: Bullying prevention and friendship promotion

USAHS Conditions Test 3 (22 decks)

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