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Microbiology > Unit 1 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Unit 1 Quiz Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino acids can combine with either hydroxyl or hydrogen ions. As a result they function as

A

Buffer

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of saturated fats?
They are a form of stored energy
They are found in animals
They are usually solid at room temperature
Their fatty acids pack tightly together
They contain at least one double bond

A

They contain at least on double bond

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of phospholipids?
They contain two fatty acids and a phosphate functional group
They contain fatty acids that associate with water
They contain a hydrophilic phosphate “head”
They are found in cellular membranes
They can form Micelles and bilayers

A

They contain fatty acids that associate with water

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4
Q

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glucose
Glycogen
Fructose
Sucrose
Deoxyribose

A

Glycogen

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5
Q

Which of the following statements about proteins is false?
They have multiple levels of structural organization
They are composed of amino acids
They can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or both
Their primary function is energy storage
They are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions

A

Their primary functions is energy storage

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6
Q

All of the following bases are found in RNA molecule except?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

A

Thymine

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7
Q

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct? the nucleic polymer is composed of peptide bonds
Cellular DNA is double stranded
All viruses have DNA genomes
Nucleic acid stranded are held together by hydrogen bonds between adjacent carbohydrates
There are three naturally occurring purines in nucleic acids

A

Cellular DNA is double stranded

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8
Q

A(n) ——— is a arrangement of atoms in a variety of macromolecules and serves as their primary reactive end

A

Functional group

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9
Q

A protein is a ——— of amino acids

A

Polymer

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10
Q

The type of bond produced when atoms with somewhat different electro negatives share electrons is/are

A

A polar covalent bond

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11
Q

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called ———

A

Prokaryotes

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12
Q

Choose the statement or characteristics that best describes the Woese-Fox taxonomic system to test your understanding of taxonomy
Three distinct cell lines called domains
Five kingdoms
Plants, animals, and microorganisms
Prokaryotes versus microorganisms

A

Three distinct cell lines called domains

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13
Q

Disease - causing microorganisms are called ———

A

Pathogens

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14
Q

Helmiths are ———

A

Parasitic worms

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15
Q

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ———

A

A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

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16
Q

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed ———

A

Microorganisms

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17
Q

The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include

A

Bacteria
Helminths
Algae
Fungi
Viruses
Archaea
Protozoa

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18
Q

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectant on hands and in the air prior to surgery was?

A

Joseph Lister

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19
Q

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotics to kill competitors
A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
Escherichia coli producing human insulin
Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

A

Escherichia coli producing human insulin

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20
Q

Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

What is the correct way to denote binomial name of staphylococcus aureus

A

Completely italicized
Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

Which of the following is a unit characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
Cause human disease
Lack a nucleus
Cannot be see without a microscope
Contain genetic material
Lack cell structure

A

Lack cell structure

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?
Making bread
Treating water and sewage
Manufacturing copper wire
Mass producing antibiotics
Cleaning up oil spills

A

Manufacturing copper wire

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24
Q

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
Mosquito
Protozoan
Bacterium
Virus
Fungus

A

Mosquito

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25
Q

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ———

A

Basal body

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26
Q

Bacterial cells could have any on of the following appendages except ———
Flagella
Cilia
Fimbriae
Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Sex pili

A

Cilia

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27
Q

Bacterial endospores are not produced by ———
Staphylococcus (italics)
Sporosarcina (italics)
Bacillus (italics)
Clostridium (italics)
All of the choices are correct

A

Staphylococcus

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28
Q

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ———

A

Move in response to a chemical

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29
Q

if you looked at a —- under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster or spherical cells

A

staphylococcus

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30
Q

rods that are slightly curved are called —–

A

vibrio

31
Q

select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria
chromosomes
fimbriae
capsule
ribosomes
cell wall
flagella
endospores
cell membrane

A

chromosome
ribosomes
cell membranes

32
Q

the cell —– can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane

A

envelope

33
Q

the outcome of the gram stain is based on differences in the cell’s —-

A

wall

34
Q

the presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as —-

A

pleomorphism

35
Q

which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A

capsule

35
Q

the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is —-

A

lophotrichous

36
Q

True or false: stains will stay on the slide for 1 minute

A

True

37
Q

True or false: simple stains use more than one type of stain

A

False

38
Q

True or false: in lab, we will stain with methylene blue

A

True

39
Q

True or false: methylene blue is a positive dye and will stain the background of the bacterial organism

A

False

40
Q

True or false: you will draw a circle on the bottom of the slide (to indicate where your bacteria are)

A

True

41
Q

True or false: you can use your phone to take pictures of your slides through the eyepiece

A

True

42
Q

True or false: you are responsible for recording your unknown code

A

True

43
Q

all of the following are helminths except —-
pinworms
flukes
trypanosomes
roundworms
tapeworms

A

trypanosomes

44
Q

filamentous fungi are called —-

A

molds

45
Q

the eukaryote cell membrane is composed of —-

A

sterols
proteins
phospholipids
cholesterol

46
Q

the long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called?

A

hyphae

47
Q

when a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the?

A

chromatin

48
Q

which is not a characteristic of fungi?
have cell walls
photosynthetic
include single-celled and filamentous forms
heterotrophic nutrition
can use a wide variety of nutrients

A

photosynthetic

49
Q

which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
in kingdom protista
parasitic worms
eggs and sperm used for reproduction
often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
have various organ systems

A

in kingdom protista

50
Q

which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
nucleus
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
all of these choices are correct

A

all of these choices are correct

51
Q

true or false: all fungi have hyphae

A

false

52
Q

true or false: in humans, fungi can only infect the skin

A

false

53
Q

organize the steps of the gram stain

A

1) applying a primary stain (crystal violet)
2) adding a mordant (gram’s iodine)
3) Rapid decolorization with ethanol, acetone or a mixture of both
4) counterstaining with safranin

53
Q

monotrichous
bacillus
plius
fimbria
cytoplasmic membrane
endospore
inclusion bodies
ribosome

A

monotrichous - a singular flagellum
bacillus - the shape bacillus subtilis is more likely to have bacillus
pilus - long, rigid tubular structure made for mating
fimbria - colonization of bacteria to host tissue
cytoplasmic membrane - regulate transport
endospore - associated with sporulation
inclusion bodies - store nutrients
ribosome - composed of large and small subunits

54
Q

A lipid membrane is present in which of the following?
Naked viruses
Viroids
Enveloped viruses
Prions
Both prions and viroids

A

Enveloped viruses

55
Q

A(N) —— is a virus that infects bacterial cells

A

Bacteriophage

56
Q

Host specificity is due to what

A

Interaction between viral and cellular surface molecules

57
Q

In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?

A

Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles

58
Q

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repress or proteins. What is a type of virus that is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism

A

Retroviruses

59
Q

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following function of the virus

A

Both protection and recognition

60
Q

What is a characteristic by which viruses are classified

A

By the type of nucleic acid

61
Q

What is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion

A

The capsid

62
Q

List the stages of a lyric replication cycle in order, from earliest to lates stages

A

Attachment
Entry
Synthesis
Assembly
Release

63
Q

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage

A

The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lyric phage

64
Q

true or false: the primary stain of a gram stain is iodine

A

false

65
Q

the correct order of a gram stain is

A

crystal violet
iodine
ethanol
safranin

66
Q

true or false: the gram stain is used for identifying and classifying bacteria

A

true

67
Q

how long should you wash the cells with the alcohol decolorizer in the gram stain

A

generally from 20” to 1’. you don’t want to go for too long to remove all of the stain, but you want to remove the excess. Once the alcohol runs clear, that should be enough.

68
Q

if a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the gram stain procedure, what would be a result?

A

gram-positive cells would be purple and gram-negative cells would be colorless

69
Q

which of the following places the steps in the correct sequence?
- staining
- making smear
- fixing

A
  • making a smear
  • fixing
  • staining
70
Q

you are performing a gram stain on a gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

A

purple

71
Q

true or false: the capsules and flagella of bacteria can be observed in gram-stained smears

A

false

Microbiology (23 decks)

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