Unit 1 Quiz Questions Flashcards
Amino acids can combine with either hydroxyl or hydrogen ions. As a result they function as
Buffer
Which of the following is not a characteristic of saturated fats?
They are a form of stored energy
They are found in animals
They are usually solid at room temperature
Their fatty acids pack tightly together
They contain at least one double bond
They contain at least on double bond
Which of the following is not a characteristic of phospholipids?
They contain two fatty acids and a phosphate functional group
They contain fatty acids that associate with water
They contain a hydrophilic phosphate “head”
They are found in cellular membranes
They can form Micelles and bilayers
They contain fatty acids that associate with water
Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glucose
Glycogen
Fructose
Sucrose
Deoxyribose
Glycogen
Which of the following statements about proteins is false?
They have multiple levels of structural organization
They are composed of amino acids
They can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or both
Their primary function is energy storage
They are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions
Their primary functions is energy storage
All of the following bases are found in RNA molecule except?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
Thymine
Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct? the nucleic polymer is composed of peptide bonds
Cellular DNA is double stranded
All viruses have DNA genomes
Nucleic acid stranded are held together by hydrogen bonds between adjacent carbohydrates
There are three naturally occurring purines in nucleic acids
Cellular DNA is double stranded
A(n) ——— is a arrangement of atoms in a variety of macromolecules and serves as their primary reactive end
Functional group
A protein is a ——— of amino acids
Polymer
The type of bond produced when atoms with somewhat different electro negatives share electrons is/are
A polar covalent bond
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called ———
Prokaryotes
Choose the statement or characteristics that best describes the Woese-Fox taxonomic system to test your understanding of taxonomy
Three distinct cell lines called domains
Five kingdoms
Plants, animals, and microorganisms
Prokaryotes versus microorganisms
Three distinct cell lines called domains
Disease - causing microorganisms are called ———
Pathogens
Helmiths are ———
Parasitic worms
Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ———
A specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed ———
Microorganisms
The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include
Bacteria
Helminths
Algae
Fungi
Viruses
Archaea
Protozoa
The surgeon who advocated using disinfectant on hands and in the air prior to surgery was?
Joseph Lister
Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotics to kill competitors
A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria
Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
Escherichia coli producing human insulin
Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
Escherichia coli producing human insulin
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Nucleus
Nucleus
What is the correct way to denote binomial name of staphylococcus aureus
Completely italicized
Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following is a unit characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
Cause human disease
Lack a nucleus
Cannot be see without a microscope
Contain genetic material
Lack cell structure
Lack cell structure
Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?
Making bread
Treating water and sewage
Manufacturing copper wire
Mass producing antibiotics
Cleaning up oil spills
Manufacturing copper wire
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
Mosquito
Protozoan
Bacterium
Virus
Fungus
Mosquito
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ———
Basal body
Bacterial cells could have any on of the following appendages except ———
Flagella
Cilia
Fimbriae
Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Sex pili
Cilia
Bacterial endospores are not produced by ———
Staphylococcus (italics)
Sporosarcina (italics)
Bacillus (italics)
Clostridium (italics)
All of the choices are correct
Staphylococcus
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ———
Move in response to a chemical
if you looked at a —- under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster or spherical cells
staphylococcus
rods that are slightly curved are called —–
vibrio
select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria
chromosomes
fimbriae
capsule
ribosomes
cell wall
flagella
endospores
cell membrane
chromosome
ribosomes
cell membranes
the cell —– can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane
envelope
the outcome of the gram stain is based on differences in the cell’s —-
wall
the presence of variation in the size and shape of bacterial cells of the same species is known as —-
pleomorphism
which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
capsule
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is —-
lophotrichous
True or false: stains will stay on the slide for 1 minute
True
True or false: simple stains use more than one type of stain
False
True or false: in lab, we will stain with methylene blue
True
True or false: methylene blue is a positive dye and will stain the background of the bacterial organism
False
True or false: you will draw a circle on the bottom of the slide (to indicate where your bacteria are)
True
True or false: you can use your phone to take pictures of your slides through the eyepiece
True
True or false: you are responsible for recording your unknown code
True
all of the following are helminths except —-
pinworms
flukes
trypanosomes
roundworms
tapeworms
trypanosomes
filamentous fungi are called —-
molds
the eukaryote cell membrane is composed of —-
sterols
proteins
phospholipids
cholesterol
the long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called?
hyphae
when a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the?
chromatin
which is not a characteristic of fungi?
have cell walls
photosynthetic
include single-celled and filamentous forms
heterotrophic nutrition
can use a wide variety of nutrients
photosynthetic
which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
in kingdom protista
parasitic worms
eggs and sperm used for reproduction
often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
have various organ systems
in kingdom protista
which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
nucleus
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
all of these choices are correct
all of these choices are correct
true or false: all fungi have hyphae
false
true or false: in humans, fungi can only infect the skin
false
organize the steps of the gram stain
1) applying a primary stain (crystal violet)
2) adding a mordant (gram’s iodine)
3) Rapid decolorization with ethanol, acetone or a mixture of both
4) counterstaining with safranin
monotrichous
bacillus
plius
fimbria
cytoplasmic membrane
endospore
inclusion bodies
ribosome
monotrichous - a singular flagellum
bacillus - the shape bacillus subtilis is more likely to have bacillus
pilus - long, rigid tubular structure made for mating
fimbria - colonization of bacteria to host tissue
cytoplasmic membrane - regulate transport
endospore - associated with sporulation
inclusion bodies - store nutrients
ribosome - composed of large and small subunits
A lipid membrane is present in which of the following?
Naked viruses
Viroids
Enveloped viruses
Prions
Both prions and viroids
Enveloped viruses
A(N) —— is a virus that infects bacterial cells
Bacteriophage
Host specificity is due to what
Interaction between viral and cellular surface molecules
In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?
Viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles
One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repress or proteins. What is a type of virus that is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism
Retroviruses
The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following function of the virus
Both protection and recognition
What is a characteristic by which viruses are classified
By the type of nucleic acid
What is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion
The capsid
List the stages of a lyric replication cycle in order, from earliest to lates stages
Attachment
Entry
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage
The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lyric phage
true or false: the primary stain of a gram stain is iodine
false
the correct order of a gram stain is
crystal violet
iodine
ethanol
safranin
true or false: the gram stain is used for identifying and classifying bacteria
true
how long should you wash the cells with the alcohol decolorizer in the gram stain
generally from 20” to 1’. you don’t want to go for too long to remove all of the stain, but you want to remove the excess. Once the alcohol runs clear, that should be enough.
if a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the gram stain procedure, what would be a result?
gram-positive cells would be purple and gram-negative cells would be colorless
which of the following places the steps in the correct sequence?
- staining
- making smear
- fixing
- making a smear
- fixing
- staining
you are performing a gram stain on a gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?
purple
true or false: the capsules and flagella of bacteria can be observed in gram-stained smears
false
