Quiz Questions Flashcards
A properly functioning immune system is responsible for?
Surveillance of the body
Recognition of foreign material
Destruction of foreign material
Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.
a.
the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
b.
nasal hairs
c.
flushing action of tears and blinking
d.
flushing action of urine
e.
phagocytic white blood cells
Phagocytic white blood cells
Each of the following are granulocytes except ——
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except
Unbroken skin
Mucus
Hairs
Tears
T cells
T cells
Hematopoiesis
Production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
Innate chemical defenses include —-
Lysozyme
Lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat
Skin’s acidic pH and fatty acids
Stomach hydrochloric acid
Plasma cells ———
The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.
Eosinophils
The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.
Lysozyme
The granules of basophils contain ———
Histamine
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.
Skin
Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?
a.
After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
b.
Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
c.
Include Kupffer cells
d.
Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
e.
Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei
Include Kupffer cells
Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body’s third line of defense?
Lymphocytes
True or false: Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.
True
True or false: complement pathways are produced by the spleen
False
True or false: during inflammations, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of a bacterial infection
True
True or false: During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.
False
True or false: Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.
True
True or false: Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body’s third line of defense.
False
True or false: Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.
True
True or false: The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.
False
adaptive immunity involves the response of —
B and T lymphocytes
a foreign molecule that causes an adaptive immune response is a(n)
antigen
cell surface markers involved in immune reactions —-
- are the result of genetic expression
- function in recognition of self molecules
- receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
- aid in cellular development
class 2 MHC genes code for —-
receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells
class 1 MHC genes code for —-
self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes
helper T cells —-
activate B cells and other T cells
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except —-
red blood cells
plasma cells —-
secrete antibodies
small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed —-
hapten
the major histocompatibility complex is —-
a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins
the progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called —-
plasma cells
the region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is to —-
variable region
true or false: activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors
true
true or false: after secreting antibodies during immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells
false
true or false: antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids
true
true or false: clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens
true
true or false: the secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response
true
red bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
GALT
hematopoiesis
granulocytes
agranulocytes
cytokines
red bone marrow - primary lymphatic organ
thymus - site of T-cell maturation
lymph nodes - comprised of a cortex and paracortical area
spleen - can store up to 1 cup of blood
GALT - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
hematopoiesis - production of blood cells
granulocytes - dark staining leukocytes
agranulocytes - large nuclei
cytokine - critical for cell communication
the complement cascade and its by-products contribute to what
both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection
the phenomenon known as chemotaxis is define as?
the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus
what cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?
monocyte
what best contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?
tears contain lysozymes and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes
what substance contributes to the edema associated with inflammation
both leukotrienes and histamine
the steps of phagocytosis
chemotaxis by phagocyte
adhesion of bacteria
engulfment into phagocytic vacuole
phagosome
phagolysosome formation
killing and destruction of bacterial cells
release of residual debris
the steps of complement
- C3 hydrolysis
- C3b cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b
- C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9s form the membrane attack complex
- the membrane attack complex is formed, cells swell and burst
