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Microbiology > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A properly functioning immune system is responsible for?

A

Surveillance of the body
Recognition of foreign material
Destruction of foreign material

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2
Q

Components of the first line of defense include all the following except ________.
a.
the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin
b.
nasal hairs
c.
flushing action of tears and blinking
d.
flushing action of urine
e.
phagocytic white blood cells

A

Phagocytic white blood cells

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3
Q

Each of the following are granulocytes except ——
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except
Unbroken skin
Mucus
Hairs
Tears
T cells

A

T cells

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5
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

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6
Q

Innate chemical defenses include —-

A

Lysozyme
Lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat
Skin’s acidic pH and fatty acids
Stomach hydrochloric acid

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7
Q

Plasma cells ———

A
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8
Q

The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are ________.

A

Eosinophils

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9
Q

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ________.

A

Lysozyme

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10
Q

The granules of basophils contain ———

A

Histamine

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11
Q

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.

A

Skin

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12
Q

Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?

a.
After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
b.
Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
c.
Include Kupffer cells
d.
Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
e.
Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei

A

Include Kupffer cells

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13
Q

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body’s third line of defense?

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

True or false: Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: complement pathways are produced by the spleen

A

False

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16
Q

True or false: during inflammations, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of a bacterial infection

A

True

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17
Q

True or false: During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

A

False

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18
Q

True or false: Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

A

True

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19
Q

True or false: Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body’s third line of defense.

A

False

20
Q

True or false: Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes.

A

True

21
Q

True or false: The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

A

False

22
Q

adaptive immunity involves the response of —

A

B and T lymphocytes

23
Q

a foreign molecule that causes an adaptive immune response is a(n)

A

antigen

24
Q

cell surface markers involved in immune reactions —-

A
  • are the result of genetic expression
  • function in recognition of self molecules
  • receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
  • aid in cellular development
25
Q

class 2 MHC genes code for —-

A

receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells

26
Q

class 1 MHC genes code for —-

A

self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes

27
Q

helper T cells —-

A

activate B cells and other T cells

28
Q

MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except —-

A

red blood cells

29
Q

plasma cells —-

A

secrete antibodies

30
Q

small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed —-

A

hapten

31
Q

the major histocompatibility complex is —-

A

a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

32
Q

the progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called —-

A

plasma cells

33
Q

the region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is to —-

A

variable region

34
Q

true or false: activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors

A

true

35
Q

true or false: after secreting antibodies during immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells

A

false

36
Q

true or false: antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids

A

true

37
Q

true or false: clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens

A

true

38
Q

true or false: the secondary response to an antigen is faster and bigger than the primary response

A

true

39
Q

red bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
GALT
hematopoiesis
granulocytes
agranulocytes
cytokines

A

red bone marrow - primary lymphatic organ
thymus - site of T-cell maturation
lymph nodes - comprised of a cortex and paracortical area
spleen - can store up to 1 cup of blood
GALT - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
hematopoiesis - production of blood cells
granulocytes - dark staining leukocytes
agranulocytes - large nuclei
cytokine - critical for cell communication

40
Q

the complement cascade and its by-products contribute to what

A

both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection

41
Q

the phenomenon known as chemotaxis is define as?

A

the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus

42
Q

what cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

A

monocyte

43
Q

what best contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

A

tears contain lysozymes and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes

44
Q

what substance contributes to the edema associated with inflammation

A

both leukotrienes and histamine

45
Q

the steps of phagocytosis

A

chemotaxis by phagocyte
adhesion of bacteria
engulfment into phagocytic vacuole
phagosome
phagolysosome formation
killing and destruction of bacterial cells
release of residual debris

46
Q

the steps of complement

A
  • C3 hydrolysis
  • C3b cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b
  • C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9s form the membrane attack complex
  • the membrane attack complex is formed, cells swell and burst

Microbiology (23 decks)

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