S.I. Review Flashcards
Immunology
the study of all features of the body’s second and third lines of defense
- body’s response to infectious agents
- study of allergies and cancer
A functioning immune system is responsible for?
- surveillance of the body
- recognition of foreign materials
- recognition of molecules on the cell surfaces (antigens or markers)
- destruction of entities deemed to be foreign
Important terms
lymphatic system - carries lymph fluid back to blood through the thoracic duct
lymph fluid - plasma lost through blood vessels, carries lymphocytes
lymphocytes - a type of white blood cell
lymph nodes - filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid. Found throughout the body
primary lymphatic organs
- sites of immune cell birth and maturation
- red bone marrow
- thymus
secondary lymphatic organs
- sites of immune cell activation, residence, and functioning
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- associated lymphoid tissues
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen and are made in the bone marrow
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Important to nonspecific and specific immunity
- granular -> has granules or sacs in their cytoplasm
- agranular -> doesn’t have granules or sacs in the cytoplasm
Stem cells
Primary precursor of new blood cells maintained in the bone marrow (eventually differentiate and can go elsewhere in the body)
White blood cells
Monocytes - blood phagocytes that rapidly leave the circulation
- macrophages and dendritic cells
Lymphocytes
- T -cell -> cell mediated immunity and assist B cell
- B -cell -> differentiate into plasma cells and release antibody; antigen-processing cells
Neutrophils - short-lived phagocytes in blood,active engulfers and killers of bacteria; serve a general purpose
Basophils - function in inflammatory events
Eosinophils - active in Protozoa, helminth,
Mast cells
An antibiotic cannot do what
Treat a viral infection
Adaptive immunity
3rd line of defense
- acquired only after an immunizing event such as an infection
- B and T cells undergo selective process to react to one specific antigen
T cells
Mature in the thymus
Helper T cell- to help and activate killer T cells or activating itself from the macrophage
Killer T cell - has receptors to search each cell for infections
B cells
Become activated after getting proteins from the Helper T cell
- plasma cells and memory cells are then created
- plasma cells release toxins to stop the pathogen from continuing to grow
What cells are the primary precursor of new blood cells maintained in bone marrow
Stem cells
Digestive juices and bile in the intestine is an example of what line of defense
First
