Unit 1: Nervous System Flashcards
Gathers info, transmits info, processes info, and sends info to effector organs
4 functions of the nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
Sensory and Motor
Peripheral nervous system
Carry sensory signals from receptors to the CNS
Afferent fibers
Carry motor signals from the CNS to effectors
Efferent fibers
Innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints
Somatic fibers
-Sympathetic and parasympathetic
-glands, smooth muscle, heart, etc.
Autonomic nervous system
the functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Greatly increases speed of impulse
Myelin sheath
increases speed of impulse down an axon
Nodes of Ranvier
myelin sheath destruction, attacks the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
Synapse
-Contains higher brain function like memory, reasoning, and intelligence
-Voluntary muscular movement
-Processes sensory info
cerebrum
Brain stem
vital for normal motor function like coordination, posture, and equilibrium
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Primary motor cortex
pre central gyrus
central sulcus
primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus
-interbrain
-contains the optic tracts, thalamus, hypothalamus, and posterior pituitary gland
diencephalon
sensory and motor signals pass through
thalamus
-maintains homeostasis
-regulates body temp
-regulates heart rate and blood pressure
-link between nervous and endocrine system
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
pituitary gland
-control center of vital visceral activity
-regulates heart rate
-constrict/dilate blood vessels and regulate rhythm and depth of breathing
-reflex center (i.e. coughing and sneezing)
medulla oblongata
helps regulate rate and depth of breathing
pons
-visual and auditory reflexes
-pleasure
-smooths out movement
midbrain (mesencephalon)
(looking at #3 on image)
pia mater
(looking at #4 on image)
arachnoid mater
(looking at #5 on image)
dura mater
dorsal root ganglion
-“thoracic-lumbar” division
-releases norepinephrine
-excites an effector organ
-“fight or flight”; prepares body for physical activity; reaction occurs in our lives in many situations
sympathetic nervous system
-“cranial-sacral” division
-releases acetylcholine
-inhibits effector organ
-“resting and digesting”; reduces energy expenditure and normal bodily maintenance
Parasympathetic nervous system
innervate blood vessels, glands, and viscera
visceral fibers
innervate widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands, viscera, and blood vessels
general fibers
innervate more localized organs in the head, including the eyes, ears, olfactory and taste receptors, and muscles of chewing, swallowing, and facial expression
special fibers
innervate more localized organs in the head, including the eyes, ears, olfactory and taste receptors, and muscles of chewing, swallowing, and facial expression
special fibers
