Unit 1: Circulatory System Flashcards
-to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all tissues and to remove CO2 and other waste products
-body temp regulation
-transport of hormones
Cardiovascular System Functions
-heart
-blood vessels
-blood
Components of cardiovascular system
fluid in which cells and platelets are suspended; contains various solutes including electrolytes and proteins
Plasma
contain hemoglobin, which carries O2 and CO2
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
participate in immune and defense-related functions
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
participate in blood clotting
platelets (throbocytes)
closed loop of vessels carrying blood between heart and lungs
pulmonary circulation
circuit of vessels carrying blood between heart and other body systems
systemic circulation
striated and voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
striated and involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
unstriated and involuntary muscle
smooth muscle
intercalated disk
- Superior and inferior vena cava
- Right atrium
- Right AV valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary valve
- Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, capillaries of lungs, and pulmonary veins
- Left atrium
- Left AV valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic valve
- Aorta
- Systemic arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
Blood flow
aorta
superior vena cava
pulmonary valve (semilunar)
pulmonary veins
right atrium
right AV (tricuspid) valve
right ventricle
inferior vena cava
pulmonary artery
left atrium
left AV valve (bicuspid or mitral)
chordae tendineae
aortic valve (semilunar)
papillary muscle
left ventricle
interventricular septum
right coronary artery
left coronary artery
great cardiac vein
coronary sinus
heart is enclosed by this
pericardial sac
serous membrane, includes vessels and nerves
epicardium
muscular wall of heart
myocardium
endothelial tissue and connective tissue
endocardium
apex
carry blood away form heart to tissues
arteries
-smaller branches of arteries
-major resistance vessels
arterioles
-smaller branches of arterioles
-smallest of vessels across which all exchanges are made with surrounding cells
capillaries
-formed when capillaries rejoin
-return blood to heart
venules
-formed when venules merge
-return blood to heart
veins
tunica externa
(looking at letter E)
tunica media
refers to narrowing of a vessel
vasoconstriction
-refers to enlargement in circumference and radius of vessel
-Results from relaxation of smooth muscle layer
-Leads to decreased resistance and increased blood flow through that vessel
vasodilation
-return of excess filtered fluid to blood
-defense against disease
-transport of absorbed fat
lymphatic system
-small, blind-ended terminal lymph vessels
-permeate almost every tissue of the body
initial lymphatics
interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel
lymph
-formed from convergence of initial lymphatics
-eventually empty into venous system near where blood enters right atrium
-one way valves spaced at intervals direct flow of lymph toward venous outlet in chest
lymph vessels
thin flaplike valves spaced at short intervals within veins permit blood to flow one way toward the heart
venous return
valves within veins become defective and fail to maintain the one-way blood flow, thus blood pools in these veins
varicose veins
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node
sends impulse from atria to ventricles
atrioventricular node
bundle of His
purkinje fibers
- SA node
- Atria
- AV node
- AV bundle
- Left and right bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
- Ventricles
Cardiac impulse flow
-red blood cells
-important in O2 and CO2 transport
erythrocytes
-white blood cells
-immune systems mobile defense units
leukocytes
-cell fragments
-important in hemostasis (preventing blood loss from a broken blood vessel)
platelets
-cell fragments
-important in hemostasis (preventing blood loss from a broken blood vessel)
platelets
