Unit 1: Homeostasis and Disease Chapter 1

Question 1

Pathophisiology study breaks down into what 4 parts?

Answer 1

1. Etiology (idiopathic, latrogenic)
2. Pathogenesis
3. Clinical manifestations
4. Treatment

Question 2

What is Etiology?

Answer 2

The cause(s) of the disease

Question 3

What is Pathogenisis?

Answer 3

The process(s) in which the disease arises

Question 4

What are clinical manifestations?

Answer 4

Signs and symptoms of the disease or presentation of the disease

Question 5

What is pathology?

Answer 5

Is the study and diagnosis of diseases through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids

Question 6

What is physiology?

Answer 6

It is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms

Question 7

What is pathophysiology?

Answer 7

Refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings

Question 8

How are etiology and pathogenesis used to predict clinical manifestations and response to therapy?

Answer 8

Although not every host will respond the same to an infection, with research done on how a phenoma arises and the cause of it, clinical manifestations are somewhat predictable

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

Tendency to stability in the normal internal environment of the body

Question 10

Allostasis

Answer 10

Body’s mechanism to maintain homeostasis (normal part of homeostatic process).

*Homeostasis is end point, allostasis is the process.

Question 11

Allostatic Load

Answer 11

The wear and tear on our body from over or under-activation of our body’s compensatory mechanisms

Question 12

Allostatic Overload

Answer 12

“Cost” to the body organs and tissues from allostatic or compensatory responses that are excessive or not adequately regulated

Question 13

Describe the difference between allostasis, allostatic load and allostatic overload.

Answer 13

With allostasis, an example can include that getting out of bed and doing exercise stimulates allostasis, as your body is adapting with a new heart rate (higher). Allostatic load and overload come in when repeated elevation of bP can then lead to negative effects.

Question 14

Sign vs. Symptom

Answer 14

Sign: Objective
Symptom: Subjective

Question 15

Examples of homeostatic imbalances

Answer 15

Thermoregulation, diabetes, cancer, dementia, depression

Question 16

Allostatic overload on Nervous System and Cardiovascular System

Answer 16

Nervous: tics, fatigue, motivation loss, anxiety, depression, insomnia

Cardiovascular: Disturbances of heart rate and rhythm, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease

Question 17

Allostatic overload on GU and GI system?

Answer 17

GI: Gastritis, irritable bowel synd, diarrhea, vomiting, ulcerative colitis

GU: Diuresis, irritable blatter, sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularity

Question 18

Allostatic overload on GU and GI system?

Answer 18

GI: Gastritis, irritable bowel synd, diarrhea, vomiting, ulcerative colitis

GU: Diuresis, irritable blatter, sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularity

Question 19

Allostatic overload on GU and GI system?

Answer 19

GI: Gastritis, irritable bowel synd, diarrhea, vomiting, ulcerative colitis

GU: Diuresis, irritable blatter, sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularity

Question 20

Allostatic overload on Integument and Resp System?

Answer 20

Integument: eczema, prosriasis, acne, hair loss

Resp: Asthma, Hay fever (allergic reaction)

Question 21

Allostatic overload on immune, endocrine and muskuloskeletal systems?

Answer 21

immune: immuodeficiency, supression, autoimmune disease

endocrine: hyperglycemia, diabetes

muskuloskeletal: tension headaches, muscle contraction backache, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 22

Epidemiologist

Answer 22

Collects and analyzes data to investigate health issues. May study demographic areas or research trends such as cancer to identify effective treatments.

Question 22

Epidemiologist

Answer 22

Collects and analyzes data to investigate health issues. May study demographic areas or research trends such as cancer to identify effective treatments.

Question 23

Parameters of epidemiology studies. Also the clinical/ stage course of a disease.

Answer 23

Incubation, prodrome, acute, latent and sublinical phases

Question 24

Incubation period

Answer 24

Time from moment of exposure until appearance of signs and symptoms

Question 25

Prodrome period

Answer 25

Right before onset of a disease. Premonitory symptom indicating onset. (Head hurts, tired, feels like im coming down with something.)

Question 26

Acute Period

Answer 26

Having a short and severe course

Question 27

Latent period

Answer 27

Decrease intensity of signs and symptos or even total disappearence

Question 28

Subclinical period

Answer 28

Without clinical manifestations but disease process continues

Question 29

Three levels of prevention of disease

Answer 29

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 30

Primary prevention examples

Answer 30

Eliminates risk factors. Can include; hand washing, helmets, eating well, exercising, seatbelts. Think of this as, what can you do to avoid myself getting sick or hurt? Here, nothing has happened yet. But it's like, what do you wanna do to avoid it in the first place?

Question 31

Secondary prevention examples

Answer 31

Early detection and treatment. Screening for things such as mammograms, consistent blood pressure testing, dieting, etc.

Question 32

Tertiary prevention examples

Answer 32

Think of this as, you already have an issue so now what will you do for this to not worsen/ for it to stop? Includes things such as rehabilitation centers, managing insulin once you have diabetes, etc.