unit 1 changing population DEFINITIONS

Question 1

Population change

Answer 1

the balance between birth rate, death rate and migration

Question 2

natural incr

Answer 2

calculated by subtracting crude death rate from crude birth rate /%

Question 3

natural decr

Answer 3

occurs when death rate exceeds birth rate

Question 4

natural change

Answer 4

does not take migration into account

Question 5

doubling time

Answer 5

number of years req for pop to double in size → 70 years / rate of natural incr (%) /years

Question 6

population momentum

Answer 6

tendency for a pop to grow despite fall in birth rate/fertility levels

Question 7

population projections

Answer 7

predictions abt future pop based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration

Question 8

life expectancy

Answer 8

avg number of years a person is expected to live (assuming demographic factors remain unchanged) → depends on diet, disease and environment, considered a solid indicator of the socio-economic dev of a country

Question 9

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 9

avg number of births per thousand women of childbearing age

Question 10

population structure/composition

Answer 10

refers to any measurable characteristic of a population (eg. age, sex, ethnicity, language, religion, occupation)

Question 11

dependency ratio

Answer 11

ratio of dependents - ppl younger than 15 or older than 64 to the working-age population

Question 12

age dependency ratio

Answer 12

ratio of older dependents (older than 64) to the working-age pop (15-64)

Question 13

megacities

Answer 13

urban area that contains more than 10 million residents

Question 14

voluntary migration

Answer 14

ppl who migrate on their own free will eg. economic migrations

Question 15

forced migration

Answer 15

the movement of refugees and internally displaced ppl (by conflict, natural/enviro disasters, chem or nuclear disasters, famine, dev projects)