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HL Geography > P1 G LO1a > Flashcards

P1 G LO1a Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 things that are used to DESCRIBE characteristics of an urban place

A
  1. site and situation
  2. function
  3. land use
  4. heirarchy of settlement
  5. growth process
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2
Q

what are 4 characteristics of an urban area

A
  1. population size
  2. built environment
  3. types of economic activity
  4. admin functions
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3
Q

how does site and situation influence urban areas

A

early – adv and disadv: agriculture and housing
- trading and admin centres
- pre industrial cities
- the industral revolution

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4
Q

factors favouring development of pre-industrial cities 5

A
  • defence
  • shelter
  • transport and communications
  • resources
  • others eg religious reasons
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5
Q

factors affecting urban areas during the industrial revolution + example

A

(late 18th century, eu & NA, r-u migration)
- proximity to raw mats
- proximity to related industries
eg
Johannesburg South Africa
- proximity to minerals and new york, proximity to rivers/waterways for trade (coal and gold deposits)

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6
Q

define Function of urban area

A

the MAIN ROLE the urban area plays in the region; its PURPOSE (usually secondary/tertiary industry)

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7
Q

name some roles urban areas play in their region

A
  • industrial (manufacturing, high tech)
  • services (healthcare, edu, retail, leisure, entertainment)
  • residential
  • others (trading ports, raw mats, agriculture (rare))
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8
Q

example for change in fucntion of urban area over time

A

fishing villages in Caribbean –> tourist resorts

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9
Q

change to function of cities in HICs – post industrial

A

deindustrialisation, incr tertiary industries
- commercial function
- attraction due to range of goods and services instead of jobs eg education

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10
Q

terms used to describe land use of urban areas 6

A
  • residential
  • industrial – manufacturing industries that process raw materials
  • services – edu, hc
  • open space – parks
  • recreation – playgrounds
  • transport routes
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11
Q

horizontal zonation vs vertical zonation

A

clustering of similar or linked activities
vs
more than one function in a building
eg retail + housing

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12
Q

factors used to measure Hierarchy of a settlement

A
  1. settlement size!!!
  2. range – ma dist ppl travel for good/service
  3. threshold – min. no. of ppl req for a g/s to stay in business
  4. low order goods – necessity (frequent, eg bread)
  5. high order goods – luxury, infrequent
  6. SOI – area served by settlement
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13
Q

what constitues a megacity

A

pop size more than 10 mil

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14
Q

what is a primate city

A

LARGEST city in the country/region
- dominates other areas in pop size
- political/econ/social/cultural focus of the country

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15
Q

formula for rank size rule

A
  • r/s betw pop rank and pop size

Px = P1 / x
(x: rank of city’s pop (1 highest))

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16
Q

define urban growth

A

the physical expansion and population growth of an urban area

17
Q

define urbanisation

A

incr proportion of ppl living in urban areas (Relative to non-urban areas)

18
Q

4 factors influencing urban growth

A
  • physical: climate, topology
  • historical: colonial history (vance’s model)
  • geographical: location, accessibility (TMG model)
  • economic: trade
19
Q

TMG model for LEDCs 6 stages

A

for TRANSPORTATION DEV (location)
1
- scattered settlements (colonial occupation) – trading
2
- lines of inland penetration
- dev: admin, production for export
3
- dev: feeder routes, intermediate centres
4
- intermediate centres –> dev: nodes
5
- emergence of complete interconnections – various feeder networks grow
6
- econ dev.d and integrated, high priority trunk routes link impt centres

20
Q

vance’s model 5 stages

A

for COLONIALISM
1
- accumulation of wealth in Eu = overseas expansion
2
- settlers prod for export, consume manu stuff from Eu
3
internal transport links – linear along coast, into interior
4
dev internal trade + internal manu industry
5
internal trade dominates NA + mature transport & urban system in EU

21
Q

unplanned urban growth

A
  • mostly LEDCs
  • doesnt provide enough public space, basic services
22
Q

three fundemental principles for planned urban growth

A
  1. rules and regs
  2. urban design
  3. financial plan
    –> capacity to gen. wealth, employment, coexistence and cultural interchanges
23
Q

LEDC and MEDC examples of attempts to reduce the importance of large cities

A

govt attempt to build new towns and capital cities to deflect growth
- cairo egypt –> sadat city and 10th of ramadan
- seoul, south korea –> sejong city
moved key govt offices eg prime ministers there

24
Q

importance of building new towns and cities to deflect growth

A

(group slides)
- lessen strain on large cities
- divert r-u migration there & reduce overcrowding

HL Geography (20 decks)

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