P1 G LO1a Flashcards
what are the 5 things that are used to DESCRIBE characteristics of an urban place
- site and situation
- function
- land use
- heirarchy of settlement
- growth process
what are 4 characteristics of an urban area
- population size
- built environment
- types of economic activity
- admin functions
how does site and situation influence urban areas
early – adv and disadv: agriculture and housing
- trading and admin centres
- pre industrial cities
- the industral revolution
factors favouring development of pre-industrial cities 5
- defence
- shelter
- transport and communications
- resources
- others eg religious reasons
factors affecting urban areas during the industrial revolution + example
(late 18th century, eu & NA, r-u migration)
- proximity to raw mats
- proximity to related industries
eg
Johannesburg South Africa
- proximity to minerals and new york, proximity to rivers/waterways for trade (coal and gold deposits)
define Function of urban area
the MAIN ROLE the urban area plays in the region; its PURPOSE (usually secondary/tertiary industry)
name some roles urban areas play in their region
- industrial (manufacturing, high tech)
- services (healthcare, edu, retail, leisure, entertainment)
- residential
- others (trading ports, raw mats, agriculture (rare))
example for change in fucntion of urban area over time
fishing villages in Caribbean –> tourist resorts
change to function of cities in HICs – post industrial
deindustrialisation, incr tertiary industries
- commercial function
- attraction due to range of goods and services instead of jobs eg education
terms used to describe land use of urban areas 6
- residential
- industrial – manufacturing industries that process raw materials
- services – edu, hc
- open space – parks
- recreation – playgrounds
- transport routes
horizontal zonation vs vertical zonation
clustering of similar or linked activities
vs
more than one function in a building
eg retail + housing
factors used to measure Hierarchy of a settlement
- settlement size!!!
- range – ma dist ppl travel for good/service
- threshold – min. no. of ppl req for a g/s to stay in business
- low order goods – necessity (frequent, eg bread)
- high order goods – luxury, infrequent
- SOI – area served by settlement
what constitues a megacity
pop size more than 10 mil
what is a primate city
LARGEST city in the country/region
- dominates other areas in pop size
- political/econ/social/cultural focus of the country
formula for rank size rule
- r/s betw pop rank and pop size
Px = P1 / x
(x: rank of city’s pop (1 highest))
define urban growth
the physical expansion and population growth of an urban area
define urbanisation
incr proportion of ppl living in urban areas (Relative to non-urban areas)
4 factors influencing urban growth
- physical: climate, topology
- historical: colonial history (vance’s model)
- geographical: location, accessibility (TMG model)
- economic: trade
TMG model for LEDCs 6 stages
for TRANSPORTATION DEV (location)
1
- scattered settlements (colonial occupation) – trading
2
- lines of inland penetration
- dev: admin, production for export
3
- dev: feeder routes, intermediate centres
4
- intermediate centres –> dev: nodes
5
- emergence of complete interconnections – various feeder networks grow
6
- econ dev.d and integrated, high priority trunk routes link impt centres
vance’s model 5 stages
for COLONIALISM
1
- accumulation of wealth in Eu = overseas expansion
2
- settlers prod for export, consume manu stuff from Eu
3
internal transport links – linear along coast, into interior
4
dev internal trade + internal manu industry
5
internal trade dominates NA + mature transport & urban system in EU
unplanned urban growth
- mostly LEDCs
- doesnt provide enough public space, basic services
three fundemental principles for planned urban growth
- rules and regs
- urban design
- financial plan
–> capacity to gen. wealth, employment, coexistence and cultural interchanges
LEDC and MEDC examples of attempts to reduce the importance of large cities
govt attempt to build new towns and capital cities to deflect growth
- cairo egypt –> sadat city and 10th of ramadan
- seoul, south korea –> sejong city
moved key govt offices eg prime ministers there
importance of building new towns and cities to deflect growth
(group slides)
- lessen strain on large cities
- divert r-u migration there & reduce overcrowding
