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HL Geography > paper 3 > Flashcards

paper 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of globalisation/global interactions

A

growing economic interdependence (incr vol and variety of cross border transactions)
- world bceomes more functionally integration and interdependent

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2
Q

economic global interactions 6

A
  1. Increase in international trade and flows of global capital (icl FDI)
  2. Development of global financial systems
  3. creation and incr influence of international orgs
  4. Prevalence of international banks eg Citiabank, standard chartered
  5. Incr of transnational econ activities (such a joint ventures and outsourcingby transnational corporations (TNCs)
  6. Functional integration of internationally dispersed econ activities
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3
Q

socio-cultural global interactions 7

A
  1. incr international cultural exchange eg hollywood, bollywood
  2. incr international travel, tourism
  3. incr immigration
  4. worldwide fads and pop culture
  5. devt of a global telecomms infrastructure and incr transborder data flow
    6.incr in no of global standards eg patents
  6. spread of local food
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4
Q

what is soft power

A

the use of economic or cultural influence to approach international relations

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5
Q

how to define depth of interconnection 3

A
  1. bilateral agreements vs creation of econ grp
  2. functional integration (eg apple outlets and factories)
  3. mutual interdependence
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6
Q

index for quantification of global itneractions 3

A

KOF index of globalisation
- score out of 100, assessing econ flows, social globalisation, degree of political cooperation

Ernst and Yound Globalisation index
- measure 60 largest countries by GDP (degree of economy globalisation)

New Globalisation index
- composite indicator w 21 econ, social and political variables
- factors geographical dist

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7
Q

usefulness of KOF index of globalisation

A
  • observe shortcomings for govt to implement policies
  • TNCs know where to invest
  • measure how well country is involced in global econ
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8
Q

9 characteristics of globalisation

A
  1. Flows of trade
  2. Flows of FDI and portfolio investment
  3. Level of barriers to trade and flows
  4. International telephone traffic
  5. Tourism to and from a place
  6. Size of foreign population
  7. information flows (internet users, tv owners)
  8. Number of embassies
  9. Membership in international orgs
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9
Q

define superpower

A

state with a LEADING POSITION in the international system and ability to INFLUENCE EVENTS and own interests and PROJECT PPOWER ON A WORLDWIDE SCALE to protect these interests

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10
Q

4 economic factors making a state a superpower

A

GDP per capita (% of earnings in global economy)

Extent of market share

control/availiablity of natural resources

Number of patents

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11
Q

8 cultural factors that make a country a superower

A

Number of cultural festivals

Extent of tourism, number of tourist arrivals

Film: awards, box office earnings

Music: artist rankings, tours

Cultural festivals (eg coachella, Holi – festival of colours in India)

Brand influence

Popularity of local cuisine, presence of local cuisine overseas

Fashion – fashion week

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12
Q

4 geopolitical factors that make a state a supwerpower

A

Participation of international groups and discussions (UN)

Military power, ability to extert power for their own interests (number of bases)

Voting and veto power in bodies eg UNSC

No. of embassies and alliances

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13
Q

advantages of global interactions 6

A

Through (towards a more equitable) spread of wealth to developing countries via financal flows/loans

Improves global relations thorugh the vehicle of global organisations, improved diplomatic relations, cooperation regarding global issues

Economic growth from tourism

Promoting econ growth and development through trade – FDI – jobs and employment, contributes to tax base

Promoting cultural diversity – globalisation, TNCs, consumer welfare incr

economic interactions incr employment and econ dev in LICs

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14
Q

human trafficking scale examples

A
  • 70% international, most within same region
  • 2010-2012: >27k victims
  • most from LICs
  • high level of org required
  • measures: plan, prevention, prosecution, protection
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15
Q

5 disadvantages of globalisation

A

Homogenisation of culture in developing countries – cultural influence of superpowers dilute the domestic cultural fabric – cultural dilution, cultural imperialism

Global interactions may result in political tenions owing to

Concentration of wealth and power – some countries exploit LDCs for their own material gain

Global interaction in the form of soft power and media leads to dilution of local culture

Trade = incr wastage of resources, environmental degradation

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16
Q

counterfeit goods example

A
  • imports worth 1/2 trillion /year
  • most originate from emerging econs (china)
  • can endanger lives (auto parts, medical instruments)
  • infra for large scale trade BUT GOVERNANCE GAPS
  • postal parcels are top method
17
Q

FDI definition

A

overseas investment in PHYSICAL capital by TNCs

18
Q

TNCs definition

A

a firm with the power to coordinate and control operations in >1 country

19
Q

characteristics of TNCs 7

A

Operate in more than one country – coordinate and control the stages in a production chain thats scattered across several countries

Large firms

Primary, secondary, tertiary sectors

Footloose: Able to switch their resources and operations between locations at a global scale to take advantage of labour costs and local tax policies

Spatial division of labour

Found in diverse sectors

Are powerful, key movers in global econ. – can influence a countries economic growth – thru employment creation, expanded labour market, incr FDI

20
Q

economic benefits of TNCs

A
  • emplyment
  • improved balance of trade (Exports > imports): incr investment = incr prod capability
  • diversifies invester portfolios
  • promotes stable long term lending
  • financing and tech to DCs
21
Q

cultural pros of TNCs

A

exposure to other cultural products = incr choice and consumer welfare

22
Q

econ cons of tncs

A
  • stiff/unfair competition with local firms (TNCs subject to diff tax laws?)
  • jobs arent secure, able to relocate
23
Q

social cons of tncs

A

issue of labour exploitation

24
Q

environmental cons of TNCs

A

massive environ degradation bc large scale of operations

25
Q

TNC structure 3

A
  1. hq
  2. research and dev centres
  3. production units / branch plants
26
Q

what affects location of TNC hqs

A

Connectivity: need developed global transportation and communication networks

Accessibility to External services: need access to high quality external services (Eg banks) + skilled labour (possibly to bypass labour/export laws)

Agglomeration (collection of things): needs to facilitate interaction with head offices of other organisations

HL Geography (20 decks)

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