Unit 1 - AOS2 - Transport systems in vascular plants

Question 1

State the four things that plants need from their environment to survive

Answer 1

• Sunlight
• Water
• Carbon dioxide
• Some nutrients

Question 2

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

CO2 + water + sunlight –> glucose + O2

Question 3

3 important functional parts of a vascular plant

Answer 3

• leaves
• rots
• stems

Question 4

3 important functions of roots

Answer 4

• Structural support (keeps plant upright and anchored in the soil)
• Transports water and nutrients from soil to stem
• Storage of carbohydrates (glucose)

Question 5

Function of stems

Answer 5

Transports water and nutrients to the leaves

Question 6

Functions of the leaves

Answer 6

Absorbs carbon dioxide and sunlight and uses the water it has transported up from the roots to generate energy.

Question 7

Xylem

Answer 7

Transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves
- Large and thick walls made from dead cells

• Function through transpiration

Question 8

Phloem

Answer 8

Transports sugars and other photosynthetic products all around the plant
- Made from living cells

Question 9

Function and structure of root hairs

Answer 9

• Are extensions of epidermal cells
• Increase surface area allowing for more water to be diffused.

Question 10

How are nutrients taken in from the soil

Answer 10

The nutrients dissolve in the water which is then diffused into the roots and then the xylem of the plant.

Question 11

Translocation

Answer 11

Transport of sugars in the phloem (sap)

Question 12

Parenchyma tissue

Answer 12

Bundle of phloems

Question 13

Vascular bundle

Answer 13

Phloems and xylems

Question 14

Simple tissue

Answer 14

Composed of cells which are functionally and structurally similar

Question 15

Complex tissue

Answer 15

composed of more than one type of cell and work together as a unit to perform many functions.

Question 16

Function of meristematic tissue

Answer 16

Responsible for any increase in length of the plant stems and roots

Question 17

What are the cells in the xylem

Answer 17

Vessels and tracheid

Question 18

Transpiration

Answer 18

When water travels up the stem and through the leaves to the stomata, where water is evaporated
- up the concentration gradient

Question 19

Describe the three processes that assist transpiration

Answer 19

Transpiration pull
- after transpiration occurs at the leaves there is a higher solute concentration in the leaves. So water is pulled through the plant along the gradient of increasing solute concentration

Cohesion tension
- water molecules cling together and adhere to the walls of the xylem. Creates unbroken columns of water and and upward pull

Root pressure
- water entering the roots from the soil creates root pressure