Unit 1 - AOS1 - Cells and Cell Theory

Question 1

What do all living things have in common ?

Answer 1

MRS.GREND

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity to stimuli
.
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion of waste
Nutrition
DNA

Question 2

What are the 2 types of organisms?

Answer 2

Unicellular (bacteria) & Multicellular (humans)

Question 3

The cell theory

Answer 3

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells?

Answer 4

They influence each other

Question 5

Types of cells

Answer 5

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic - Plant, Animal

Question 6

Nucleus - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 6

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Function: Directs cells activities
• Contains nucleolus (contains ribosomal RNA)
• Nucleus envelope (membrane which protects DNA)
• Contains MOST of cells DNA

Question 7

Cytoplasm - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 7

Found in: All cells

• Internal environment of cell (contains cytosol and organelles)
• Cytosol is watery, jelly like and contains dissolved substances and enzymes.
• Makes cells bulky and 3D

Question 8

Ribosome - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 8

Found in: All cells

• not membrane bound
• found free in cytoplasm or associated with ER
• Growth and repair (protein synthesis)

Question 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 9

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• ER WITH ribosomes attached o it
• manufactures and transports cell products (proteins) within the cell
• Site of protein synthesis (ribosomes)

Question 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 10

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• ER WITHOUT ribosomes
• Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
• Continuous with plasma and nucleus membranes
• parts of the membrane pinch off to form vesicles which transports nutrients around cell

Question 11

Golgi apparatus - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 11

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Connected to ER - products of ER travel in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus
• Stores, modifies and packages proteins (intercellular or between cells = exocytosis)
• Packages proteins into vesicles (membranous packages)

Question 12

Vacuole - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 12

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Membrane bound sacs in cytoplasm, which store undigested nutrients (water, sugars, mineral and proteins)
• Plants have a single large vacuole that stores water
• animals have multiple, small vacuoles. `

Question 13

Lysosome - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 13

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Function: Contain and transport enzymes that are used to breakdown food and foreign matter.
  . Digest nutrients and nourish the cell
  . Destroy harmful bacteria
  . Recycle damaged organelles w/o harming the cell
• They are the vesicles that are pinched off from Golgi apparatus
• specialized lysosomes absent from plant cells
• ## can release enzymes within cell, causing the death of the cell (apoptosis)

Question 14

Cytoskeleton - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 14

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Internal structure
• made up of microfilaments and microtubules
• these microtubules allow the organelles to travel around the cytoplasm and provide structure to prevent the cell from being “squashed”.

Question 15

Chloroplasts - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 15

Found in: Plant cells

• Contain chlorophyll (contain green pigments)
• site of photosynthesis (converts sunlight to chemical energy)
• Has outer membrane and intricate internal structure, consisting of:
  . Grana: folded membrane layers (location of chlorophyll)
  . Stroma: flid between grana

Question 16

Mitochondria - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 16

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Site of cellular respiration
• Provide main energy source (ATP) to the cell
• the number present in the cell depends on metabolic activity
• mitochondria are small oval shaped, with highly folded inner membrane called cistae
• the inner matrix of mitochondria is filled with protein rich fluid that contains enzyme, essential for respiration to occur.

Question 17

Cell wall - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 17

Found in: Prokaryotic cells and plant cells

• Made of complex CHO (plant cell walls are made from cellulose)
• Rigid structure that lies outside the plasma membrane
• Limits the size and shape of the cell (and stops it from bursting)

Question 18

Plasma Membrane - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 18

Found in: All cells

• the boundary of a cell (separates internal and external environment)
• Semi-permeable (some things can pass through it - filter)
• formed by a phospholipid bilayer (made up of lipids and phosphate molecules)

Question 19

Peroxisome - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 19

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Small vesicles, single membrane bound
• Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials in the cell
• oxidative enzymes for metabolic activity

Question 20

Centriole - Where is it found, and key functions and features?

Answer 20

Found in: Eukaryotic cells

• Function: They group microtubules and help their organization and assembly during cell division

Question 21

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

Prokaryotic
- Simple
- have cilia and flagella = movement
- Contain NON-membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic
- Complex
- Contain membrane bound organelles