Unit 1 - AOS1 - Cell death

Question 1

What are 3 types of cells that would be destroyed through apoptosis?

Answer 1

1. Cells that are at the end of their life (gut lining and skin cells.
2. Dysfunctional, damaged or diseased cells (virus, irreparable tissues)
3. Excessive cells (bone marrow)

Question 2

Importance of apoptosis

Answer 2

• prevents the development of cancer and other affected cells.
• Less chance that abnormal cells will survive and effect host

Question 3

Define genetic predisposition

Answer 3

Ia an increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup

Question 4

Define Psoriasis

Answer 4

Is a chronic auto-immune condition in which skin cells are overproduced resulting in raised patches of red inflamed skin

Question 5

Define Metastasis

Answer 5

Is when Tumers malignant, because the cells can enter the blood stream or lymphatics and spread to other regions of the body

Question 6

Role of photo-oncogenous

Answer 6

Are genes contained in DNA of the cell which lead to the production of proteins that initiate the cell cycle

Question 7

Role of tumor-suppressor genes

Answer 7

The proteins made as a result of these genes signal to the cell, to reduce cell division, repair DNA mistakes or initiate apoptosis

Question 8

Steps of apoptosis

Answer 8

1. Cell shrinkage and nucleus condenses
2. Formation of blebs
3. Formation of apoptotic bodies
4. The clean up of apoptotic bodies through paghocytosis (after apoptosis)

Question 9

Define Blebs

Answer 9

Bulges of the plasma membrane created as the cytoskeleton of cell breaks down

Question 10

Define apoptotic bodies

Answer 10

-Are broken off from the blebs
- Are vesicles containing parts of the dying cell

Question 11

Define apoptosis

Answer 11

Is a genetically controlled and highly regulated process of cell self-distruction

Question 12

Necrosis

Answer 12

Is the unplanned/un-regulated process of cell destruction. -virus