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TAP Anatomy > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior upper thoracic aperture

A

Manubrium

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2
Q

Lateral upper thoracic aperature (inlet)

A

Medial margin of rib 1

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3
Q

Posterior upper thoracic aperture (inlet)

A

T1 vertebra

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4
Q

Membrane present at the thoracic inlet

A

Suprapleural membrane

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5
Q

Contents of the thoracic inlet (7) IMPORTANT TO KNOW

A 
Apex of lungs
Brachiocephalic artery and veins
Subclavian arteries and veins
Trachea
Esophagus
Vagus and phrenic nerves
Sympathetic trunk
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6
Q

Lower thoracic outlet anteriorly, anterolaterally, posterlaterally, and posteriorly

A

Xiphoid process
Costal margin
End of rib 11 and rib 12
Body of t12

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7
Q

Thoracic outlet is closed by:

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

Joints of the thoracic ribs IMPORTANT TO KNOW

A 
Manubriosternal joint (symphysis/2ndary cartilaginous)
Xiphisternal joint (2ndary cartilaginous/symphysis)
Sternocostal (1st- primary cartilaginous/syncondrosis, 2nd-7th: synovial)
Interchondral joints (7th to 10th: small synovial)
Costovertebral joints (costocorporeal joint and costotransverse joint)
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9
Q

Which side of the diaphragm is higher? Why?

A

Right side- liver is pushing this up and heart on the left is pushing it down

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10
Q

Diaphragm domes support the ______.

A

Lungs

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11
Q

Fibrous portion of the pericardium intermingles with the ______ of the diaphragm

A

Central tendon

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12
Q

Sternal part of the diaphram:

A

Xiphoid process

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13
Q

Costal part of the diaphragm

A

Costal margin

Ends of ribs 11 and 12

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14
Q

Vertebral parts of the diaphragm

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Crura
Arcuate ligaments (medial and lateral)

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15
Q

Medial arcuate ligament overarcs the :

A

Psoas major

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16
Q

The lateral arcuate ligament overarcs the

A

Quadratics lumborum

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17
Q

Insertion of the diaphragm

A

Central tendon lies at the level of the xiphisternal joint

Pericardium blends with pericardial fibers

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18
Q

nerve supply to the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5, runs down along the lateral side of the pericardium. Left side spreads across the diaphragm, right side passes through the diaphragm to innervate the other side)

C3 4 5 keeps your diaphragm alive

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19
Q

Functions of the diaphragm

A

Prime muscle of inspiration
Muscles of abdominal straining
Weight lifting
Thoracic-abdominal pump

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20
Q

Vena caval opening is found:

It contains:

A

T8, present in the central tendon

Inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve branches

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21
Q

Esophageal opening is located:

It contains:

A

T10, present in the muscular part

Esophagus and right & left vagus nerves

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22
Q

Vagus nerve is typically more ____ than the phrenic nerve

A

Medial

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23
Q

When the hiatus is not keeping the stomach in place, causing it to slide:

A

Hiatal hernia

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24
Q

Hiatal hernia more common in:

Cause:

A

women, people overweight, people over 50

Cause: congenital, increased pressure

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25
Q

Types of hiatal hernias

A

Type 1- sliding hernia (most common)

Type 2, 3 and 4- paraesophogeal hernia

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26
Q

Aortic opening location

Contents:

A

T12- behind the posterior attachment of the diaphragm along the vertebral column

Contents:
Aorta and thoracic duct (starting with the Cysterna chyli)

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27
Q

Region that is external to the anterior thoracic wall. Anchors the upper limb to the trunk

A

Pectoral region

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28
Q

Pectoral region consists of what’s 2 compartments? List what is in the compartment

A 
Superficial compartment (skin, superficial fascia and breast)
Deep compartment (muscles and associates structures)
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29
Q

Nerve supply of the anterior thoracic wall:

A

Supraclavicular nerves

Intercostal nerves

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30
Q

Nerve supply of the posterior thoracic wall:

A

Posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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31
Q

Supraclavicular nerves origin and branches (3)

A

Originate from C3 and C4 of the cervical plexus

Branches:
Medial infraclavicular region
(Intermediate) Pectoral and deltoid regions
(Lateral) Upper and posterior shoulder

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32
Q

Location of the breasts

A

Lies in superficial fascia anterior to pectoralis major
Extends vertically from ribs 2 to 6
Extends transversely from sternum to mid-axillary line

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33
Q

Innervation of breasts

A

Intercostal nerves 2-6

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34
Q

Mammary gland has _____ lobes. It contains: (3)

A

15-20 lobes

Contents:
Glandular tissue
Lactiferous ducts (opens onto the nipple)
Connective tissue

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35
Q

Suspensory ligaments run from ______ to ________

A

Dermis of the skin to deep fascia

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36
Q

Hormone responsible for milk production

A

Prolactin

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37
Q

Hormone responsible for milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

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38
Q

Lateral arterial supply of breast

A

2nd to 4th intercostal arteries

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39
Q

Intermediate arterial supply of the breast

A

Axillary arteries- Thoracoacromial artery and Lateral thoracic artery

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40
Q

Medial arterial breast supply

A

Internal thoracic artery- mammary branches

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41
Q

Lymphatic nodes of the breast

A

Anterior axillary nodes (receives 75% of lymph)
Internal thoracic nodes (parasternal)
Intercostal nodes

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42
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius

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43
Q

Posterior thoracic all components

A

Twelve thoracic vertebrae

Intervertebral discs

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44
Q

Lateral thoracic wall

A

12 ribs
3 flat muscles (intercostal spaces)
Intercostal vein, artery and nerve

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45
Q

Anterior thoracic wall component

A

Sternum

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46
Q

Muscles of the thoracic wall

A 
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Subcostales
Transversus thoracis
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47
Q

intercostal active during inspiration

A

External intercostal

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48
Q

Intercostal muscle active during expiration

A

Internal

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49
Q

Thoracic wall muscles that span multiple ribs

A

Subcostales

50
Q

Thoracic wall muscles that secure internal thoracic vessels to the wall- anterior

A

Transversus thoracis

51
Q

Actions of intercostal muscles

A

Support intercostal spaces during breathing

Pulls ribs nearer to one another

52
Q

Contents of the intercostal spaces

A

External, internal, and innermost intercostal
Subcostales
Transverse thoracis
Intercostal vein, artery , and nerve (in that order)

53
Q

Artery that enters rectus sheath and supplies rectus muscles to umbilicus

A

Superior epigastric artery

54
Q

Artery that supplies diaphragm

Origin for lower anterior intercostal arteries

A

Musculophrenic artery

55
Q

Arteries that connect with posterior intercostal arteries

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

56
Q

Artery that accompanies phrenic nerve and supplies pericardium

A

Pericardiophrenic artery

57
Q

Artery that supplies anterior mediastinum (thymus)

A

Mediastinal artery

58
Q

What does the internal thoracic vein drain into?

A

brachiocephalic vein

59
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries and their origin

A 
Internal thoracic artery (origin for 1-6)
Musculophrenic artery (origin for 7-10)
60
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries

A 
Subclavian artery (costocervical trunk and superior thoracic artery. Origin for superior 2 posterior IC arteries)
Thoracic aorta (origin for lower 9 posterior IC arteries)
61
Q

Anterior intercostal veins and where they drain

A

Musculophrenic vein and internal thoracic vein

-drain into brachiocephalic veins on both sides

62
Q

Posterior intercostal veins and where they drain into

A

Azygos vein- right side, drains into superior vena cava

Hemiazygos vein- left side, drains into azygos vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

63
Q

Branches of the intercostal nerves

A 
Anterior cutaneous branch
Lateral cutaneous branch
Collateral branch
Muscular branches
Pleural sensory branches
Peritoneal sensory branches
Contribution to brachial plexus (T1)
Lateral cutaneous branch of T2 (intercostobrachial nerve)
Anterior rami of T1-T11
Anterior rami of T12 (subcostal nerve- inferior to rib)
64
Q

Sternal angle

A

T4/T5

65
Q

Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels. Lies in the ____ ______.

A

Fibrous sac

Middle mediastinum

66
Q 
Pericardium attached to central tendon of diaphragm
Fused to great vessel’ adventitious
 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligament (fibers of the fibrous sac)
A

Fibrous pericardium

Sternopericardial ligament

67
Q

Pericardium that is the parietal layer
Pericardial cavity
Visceral layer (epicardium)

A

Serous pericardium

68
Q

Serous pericardium layers has _____(#) layer(s) of cells that are:

A

1

Simple squamous

69
Q

Thickest side of the heart

A

Left

70
Q

Nerve supply to the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Vagus nerve

71
Q

When fluid in the pericardial sac builds up and puts pressure on the heart

A

Cardiac Tamponade

72
Q

Posterior nerve supply to the pericardium

A

Sympathetic

73
Q

Medial nerve to pericardium

A

Vagus

74
Q

Anterior nerve to the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

75
Q

Anterior (sternocostal) surface

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

76
Q

Right pulmonary surface of the heart

A

Right atrium

77
Q

Left pulmonary surface of the heart

A 
Left ventricle
Left atrium (small part)
78
Q

Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface

A 
Left ventricle (mainly)
Right ventricle
Posterior intercentricular sulcus
79
Q

Posterior surface of the heart (base)

A 
Left atrium (mainly)
Right atrium (small part) 
Proximal parts of great veins (SVC, IVC, Pulmonary veins)
80
Q

Depression surfaces on the heart

A

External soul I

81
Q

Sulcus that circles the heart. Separates atria from ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

82
Q

Sulcus present on the anterior surface, and on the diaphragmatic surface
Separates the left and right ventricles

A

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

83
Q

Upper limbs, head and necks, thoracic cage vein drains into

A

Superior vena cava

84
Q

Smooth surface where the superior and inferior vena cava come together to

A

Sinus of vena Cavan

85
Q

Internal ridge inside the right atrium.

A

Crusts terminalis

86
Q

External groove where the crystal terminalis is located internally

A

Sulcus terminalis cordis

87
Q

Properties of the right atrium

A

Atrium proper
Sinus of vena cavae
Sulcus terminalis cordis
Crystal terminalis

88
Q

Space anterior to crystal terminalis
Derived from the embryonic primitive atrium
Musculophrenic pectinate (pectinate muscle)

A

Atrium proper

89
Q

What will you find in the interatrial septum?

A 
Fossa ovalis
Annulus ovalis (limbus fossa ovalis)
90
Q

Openings in the right atrium

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrioventricular orifice (where right AV valve/tricuspid is)
Opening to the coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac vein (drain into right atrium as well)

91
Q

In right ventricle
Muscular, irregular structures on the inflow portion
Papillary muscles, connected to the
Chordae tendineae, connected to the cusps

IMPORTANT

A

Trabeculae carneae

92
Q

In right ventricle
Smooth walls of the outflow tract- to keep blood flow from being turbulent.
Derived from embryonic bulbus cordis

IMPORTANT

A

Infundibulum (conus arteriosus)

93
Q

In right atrioventricular orifice
3 cusps
Apex of each cusp gives attachment to chordae tendineae

A

Tricupsid valve

94
Q

3 semilunar valve

A

Pulmonary valve

95
Q

Forms the base of the heart No sulcus terminalis cordis

No crista terminalis

A

Left atrium

96
Q

Part of the left atrium that Has smooth walls

Receives pulmonary veins

A

Posterior part

97
Q

Part of left atrium that contains musculi pectinati

A

Anterior part

98
Q

What is present in the left ventricle

A

Trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae, and
Mitral (bicuspid) valve

99
Q

Smooth outflow tract near the aorta

Derived from embryonic bulbus cordis

A

Aortic vestibule

100
Q

What comes off of the ascending aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

Right comes off of the right cusp and left from the left cusp

101
Q

Opening of the aorta

3 semilunar cusps

A

Aortic valve

102
Q

Opening of the right and left coronary arteries

A

Coronary ostium.

103
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A 
Atrial branch (goes to atrium at the SA node)
Right marginal branch
Posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending artery- PDA)
104
Q

Branches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular branch (left anterior descending artery- LAD)
Circumflex branch

105
Q

Marginal branch runs:

A

Down the side of the heart, into the posterior interventricular sulcus

106
Q

Biggest supply to the left ventricle

A

Left anterior descending artery

107
Q

Coronary artery most commonly blocked, causing a heart attack

A

Left anterior descending artery- AKA Widow Maker

108
Q

Venous drainage

A

Anterior cardiac veins

Coronary sinus

109
Q

Veins of the coronary sinus

Study locations

A

Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Posterior cardiac vein

110
Q

Posterior sulcus into coronary sinus vein

A

Small cardiac vein

111
Q

Vein runs with posterior ventricular artery

A

Posterior cardiac vein

112
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A 
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
113
Q

Node by superior vena cave and atrial border.
Has leaky sodium channels
No complete resting potential here.
Depolarizers atria

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)- pacemaker of the heart

114
Q

Look into atrial syncytium

A

Atrial syncytium

115
Q

Cardiac skeleton

A

Insulation system of the nodes

116
Q

AKA Bundle of His

A

AV Bundle

117
Q

Ventricles should contract from:

A

Apex up

118
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Carries blood into right and left artery

119
Q

Remains of ductus arteriosum

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

120
Q

Ascending aorta begins:

It ends:

A

Aortic valve

Sternal angle (T4/T5)

121
Q

Branches of ascending aorta

A

Right and left coronary

TAP Anatomy (25 decks)

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