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TAP Anatomy > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between the pleural cavities occupying the center of the thoracic cavity

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2
Q

Boundaries for the mediastinum

A 
Anterior
Posterior
Superior 
Inferior
Lateral
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3
Q

Anterior boundary of mediastinum

A

Sternum

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4
Q

Posterior boundary of mediastinum

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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5
Q

Superior boundary of the mediastinum

A

Thoracic inlet

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6
Q

Inferior boundary of mediastinum

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

Lateral border of the mediastinum

A

Pleura

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8
Q

Divisions of the mediastinum

A

Superior

Inferior

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9
Q

Portions of the inferior mediastinum division

A

Anterior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum

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10
Q

Contents of middle mediastinum (12)

A 
Pericardium and heart
Phrenic nerves, cardiac plexus
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation 
Right and left pulmonary arteries
Right and left pulmonary veins 
Ascending aorta
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Azygos vein
Tracheal bifurcation
Right and left bronchi
Lymph nodes
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11
Q

Contents of superior mediastinum

A 
Thymic remnants
Trachea
Esophagus
Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery 
Left common carotid artery 
Left subclavian artery 
Internal thoracic vessels
Vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Thoracic duct
Lymph nodes
Ligamentum arteriosum
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12
Q

Thymus extends:

A

Inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum

Most prominent in children

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13
Q

Arterial supply to the thymus

A

Inferior thyroid artery (anterior part of thymus)

Internal thoracic artery

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14
Q

Venous drainage of the thymus

A

Thymic vein- drains to the left brachiocephalic vein

Internal thoracic vein

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15
Q

Tributaries to the brachiocephalic veins

A 
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Vertebral veins
Inferior thyroid vein 
Internal thoracic vein 
Left superior intercostal vein
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16
Q

Superior vena cava is formed by

A

Two brachiocephalic veins

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17
Q

Superior vena cava begins and ends at:

A

Begins at right 1st CC

Ends behind right 3rd CC

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18
Q

Tributaries of superior vena cava

A 
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Azygos veins
Pericardial veins
Mediastinal veins
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19
Q

Arch of the aorta lies:

A

Behind the manubrium stern I

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20
Q

Arch of the aorta begins and ends:

A

Begins at the level of sternal angle

Ends at level of sternal angle

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21
Q

Arch of aorta has how many branches?

A

3

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22
Q

Brachiocephalic artery branches into

A

Right subclavian artery

Right common carotid artery

23
Q

Three branches of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

24
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum (6)

A 
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta
Azygos and hemiazygos veins
Thoracic duct, lymph nodes
Sympathetic trunks
Vagus nerves
25
Q

Length of esophagus

A

Approx 10 inches long

26
Q

Esophagus is lined with what epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

27
Q

Where does the esophagus begin

A

At the level of C6, from the cricoid cartilage

28
Q

Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm

A

At level T10

29
Q

Sites of esophageal constriction (4)

A

At the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus

Where the esophagus is crossed by the arch of aorta

Where the esophagus is compressed by the left main bronchus

At the esophageal opening of the diaphragm

30
Q

Arterial supply of the esophagus

A

Upper 1/3: Inferior thyroid artery

Middle 1/3: thoracic aorta

Lower 1/3: left gastric artery

31
Q

Inferior thyroid artery derived from

A

Thyrocervical trunk

Subclavian artery

32
Q

Left gastric artery derives from

A

Celiac trunk

33
Q

Venous drainage of the esophagus

A

Upper 1/3: inferior thyroid vein

Middle 1/3: Azygos vein

Lower 1/3: Left gastric vein

34
Q

Left gastric vein drains into

A

Portal vein

35
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the esophagus

A

Upper 1/3: Deep cervical nodes

Middle 1/3: Mediastinal nodes

Lower 1/3: Left gastric nodes

36
Q

Innervation of the esophagus

A

Vagus nerves
(Left forms anterior plexus, right forms posterior plexus)

Sympathetic innervation:
Cervical trunk
Thoracic trunk

37
Q

Sensation of the esophagus

A

General sensation: Parasympathetic

Pain: Sympathetic

38
Q

Parts of the aorta

A

Ascending aorta
Arch of aorta
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

39
Q

Thoracic aorta begins and ends:

A

Begins at level of sternal angle

Ends at vertebral level of T12 (aortic opening)

40
Q

Thoracic aorta becomes continuous with

A

Abdominal aorta

41
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta lie?

A

Posterior mediastinum

42
Q

Branches of the thoracic aorta (7)

A 
Posterior intercostal arteries (lower 9)
Subcostal arteries
Superior phrenic arteries
Pericardial branches
Esophageal branches
Bronchial branches
Mediastinal branches
43
Q

What 2 veins join to form the azygos vein?

A

ascending lumbar and subcostal veins

44
Q

Azygos vein passes through:

A

Aortic opening at T12

45
Q

Where does the azygos vein ascend?

A

In the posterior mediastinum

46
Q

Azygos vein arches over:

A

The right bronchus (T4) to drain into SVC

47
Q

Tributaries of azygos vein (9)

A 
Ascending lumbar vein 
Right subcostal vein
Hemiazygos veins (major tributary) 
Accessory hemiazygos veins
Mediastinal veins
Esophagus veins
Right bronchial veins
Pericardial veins
48
Q

Longest lymphatic channel

A

Thoracic duct

49
Q

Where does thoracic duct begin and end

A

Begins At cisterns chyli (T12)

Ends at the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

50
Q

Thoracic duct passes through

A

Aortic opening

51
Q

Tributaries of the thoracic duct (3)

A

Left jugular lymph trunk
Left subclavian lymph trunk
Left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

52
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Right jugular lymph trunk
Right subclavian lymph trunk
Right bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

53
Q

Contents of the anterior mediastinum

A

Thymic remnants

Lymph nodes

TAP Anatomy (25 decks)

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