Final Review Flashcards
Sternal angle
T4-T5 (costal cartilage 2)
Anterior axillary / pectoral nodes receive ____% of lymphatics and drain into:
75%
Subclavian lymph trunks
Pectoral major action
Flexion
Addiction
Medial arm rotation
What is the arrangement of the neurovascular bundle?
Intercostal vein, artery, then nerve (VAN)
Present between internal intercostal and innermost layer of muscl and located along the lower border of the rib
The internal thoracic artery is a branch of what?
Subclavian artery
Upper thoracic aperture/ thoracic inlet wall boundaries:
Anterior: Manubrium sternum
Lateral: Medial margin of rib 1
Posterior: T1
What type of joints are the costocorporeal?
Synovial plane joints
What type of joints are the costotransverse joints?
Synovial plant joints
Joint types for the sternocostal joints:
First sternocostal: Secondary cartilaginous joint
2nd-7th: Synovial plane joints
Where is the vena canal opening?
What are its contents?
T8 in the central tendon
IVC and right phrenic nerve
Where is the esophageal opening located?
What are its contents?
T10 in the muscular part of the diaphragm
Esophagus and vagus nerves
Where are the pectinate muscles present in the heart?
Atrium proper
Blood enters the left ventricle through the:
Left atrioventricular orifice
What structures are present in the left ventricle?
Trabeculae carnae
Anterior and posterior papillary muscles
Chordate tendinae
What does the left coronary artery supply?
Most of the left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum
What is the main vein draining venous blood from the heart?
Coronary sinus
What are the tributaries to the coronary sinus?
Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Posterior cardiac vein
Which recess is present in the lateral part of each pleural cavity where costal and diaphragmatic pleura contact each other?
Costodiaphragmatic
Also, fluid can gather here and there will be no breath sounds when sick.
Contents of the root of the lung
Main bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Lymphatics
Bronchial vessels
Pulmonary plexus of nerves
Nerve supply of the parietal pluera
Costal plura- intercostal nerves
Mediastinal pleura- phrenic nerves
Diaphragmatic pleura- phrenic nerves
What part of the mediastinum contains the azygos vein?
Middle
What part of the mediastinum contains the esophagus?
Superior
What part of the mediastinum contains both the azygos AND hemiazygos veins
Posterior
What does the azygos vein drain into?
Superior vena cava
Esophageal blood supply
Upper:
Middle:
Lower:
Upper: inferior thyroid artery
Middle: thoracic aorta
Lower: left gastric artery
Plane that passes through the tips of the 9th costal cartilages and passes through the pylorus
Transpyloric plane (L1)
Membranous layer in inferior 1/3 of anterior abdomen
Scarpa’s fascia
Fascia deep to the transversus abdominis, containing the deep inguinal ring
Transversalis fascia
Where does the posterior layer of the rectus sheath end?
Inferiorly at the arcuate line
What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
External and internal obliques
Spermatic cord coverings:
Note what they are continuations of
External spermatic fascia- external oblique aponeurosis
Cremasteric fascia- internal oblique
Internal spermatic fascia- transversalis is fascia
The esophageal branches come from:
Left gastric artery
Branch of the celiac trunk
Mucosal fold of the stomach
What is its purpose?
Rugae
Increases surface area
What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Right gastric artery (branch of the hepatic artery proper)
What is the arterial supply of the fundus of the stomach?
Short gastric arteries (branches off the splenic artery)
Where does the lesser omentum attach?
Attaches to the lesser curvature and to the 1st part of the duodenum to the liver
What does the free border go the lesser omentum contain?
The common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and portal vein (portal triad)
What is the opening of the lesser sac/omental bursa called?
The epiploic/omental foramen
Duodenum peritoneum:
1st part: intraperitoneal
Rest is Retroperitoneal
Posterior relations to the duodenum
Common bile duct
Dastroduodenal artery
Portal vein
IVC
Small intestine vs large intestine:
Small intestine:
- Mesentary: jejunum and ilium
- NO taeniae coli
- NO omental appendices
- Smooth Wall
- Plicae circulares
Large intestine:
- Mesentary: Transverse and sigmoid colon
- Taenia coli
- Omental appendices
- Hausta
- NO plicae circulares
Where are the plicae circulares most prominent?
In the duodenum
What does the ligament of traitz attach?
The 4th part of the duodenum to the left Cruz of the diaphragm
3 bands of longitudinal muscle fibers in the large intestine
Taeniae coli
The appendix has no ____ ____
It is completely covered by:
Taeniae coli
Longitudinal muscular coat
Blood supply to the appendix
Appendicular artery
Branch from the ilocolic artery, which is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
What parts of the large intestine are retroperitaoneal?
Ascending and descending
Transverse and sigmoid are intraperitoneal
Blood supply to the transverse colon
Middle colic artery (from superior mesenteric)
Left colic (inferior mesenteric)
The porta hepatic (DOES/DOES NOT) have hepatic veins.
does not
Drains directly to the IVC
Blood supply to the gall bladder
Cyclic artery
Branch of the right hepatic artery
Which part of the gallbladder is completely covered in the peritoneum?
Fundus (intra?? It’s not retro..)
Blood supply to pancreas
Dorsal pancreatic artery
Branch from the splenic artery and greater pancreatic artery— also a branch from splenic
Blockage of the splenic artery would most affect what organ?
The pancreas
What makes the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric and splenic veins
The spleen’s long axis lies along the _____ rib and extends:
10th
Anteriorly as far as the mid axillary line
What does the splenorenal ligament contain?
Splenic vessels and the tail of the pancreas
What innervates the foregut and midgut?
Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve
What innervates the duodenum?
The vagus nerve
Illiacus nerve supply?
Femoral nerve (from the lumbar plexus)
Posterior relations of the kidneys
Right kidney: rib 12 only
Left kidney: both ribs 11 and 12
What forms the renal papilla
Apex of the renal pyramid
Suprarenal gland blood supply
Superior: Inferior phrenic artery
Middle: Abdominal aorta
Inferior: Renal artery
The inferior vena cava is formed by:
Where?
The union of the common iliac veins
At L5
What does the ureter cross?
The bifurcation of the common iliac or external illiac in front of the sacroiliac joint
What type of joint is the SI joint?
Synovial
Piriformis is part of what pelvic wall?
Lateral and posterior
Pelvic inlet boundaries
Posterior: sacral promontory and alae/wings of sacrum
Lateral: Linea terminals (arcuate line + pectin pubis + pubic crest)
Anterior: pubic symphysis
Where does the rectum begin and end?
S3 to the tip of the coccyx
The lower part of the rectum expands to form:
Rectal ampulla
The rectum does not have any:
Taeniae coli
Omental appendices
Sacculation
Where is the Trigone of the bladder located?
At the base
This bladder sphincter is under voluntary control and is innervated by what nerve?
External (urethrae) bladder sphincter
Pudendal
What makes up the ejaculatory duct?
Vas deferens and seminal vesicle
Venus drainage of the testes:
Left testicular vain (to the left renal vein)
Right testicular vein (to the inferior vena cava)
The ejaculatory duct pierces the _____ surface of the prostate to each:
Posterior
Prostatic urethra
Ejaculatory ducts open where?
In the prosthetic urethra
Where does the prostatic Venous plexus drain into:
Internal iliac vein and vertebral veins
What is the opening between the cervix and vagina?
External os
Ligament where ovarian vessels, nerves and lymphatics enter the superior pole of the ovary
Suspensory ligament
Epithelium for the anal canal
Upper: columnar
Lower: simple squamous
The anal canal extends from ___ ___ to the ____ ____
Rectal ampulla
Anal aperture (anus)
Nerve supply of the upper part of the anal canal
Autonomic/pelvic plexus
Ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossa Boundaries
Base- skin
Medial wall- Levator ani and anal canal (NOT THE RECTUM)
Lateral wall- obturator internus and pelvic fascia
Sphincter urethrae muscle nerve supply
Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve
Where is the perineal body present?
In the superficial perineal pouch
