Pleurau And Lungs Flashcards
Layers of the pleura (outside in)
Parietal pleura
Pleural space
Visceral pleura
Lung
Pleural space contains:
Why?
Pleural fluid to allow smooth movements as they expand
Parts of the parietal pleura
Costal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Cervical pleura (pleural cupola)
Nerve supply to the parietal pleura
Intercostal nerves
Phrenic nerves
Pleura that firmly attaches to the surface
Visceral pleura
Which pleura is sensitive to pain and touch
Parietal pleura
Which pleura is INsensitive to touch and pain
Visceral
Nerve supply to the visceral pleura
Pulmonary plexus- Autonomic supply
Present between the parietal and visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
Lower lateral part of the pleural space
Deepest part of the pleural space
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Parietal and Visceral pleura ends midclavicular level
6th rib- visceral
8th rib- parietal
Visceral and parietal end mid axillary
Visceral- 8th rib
Parietal- 10th rib
Parietal and visceral ends on this rib (paravertebral view)
Visceral- 10th rib
Parietal- 12th rib
Potential space between the mediastinal and costal pleura
Costomediastinal recess
Function of costomedialstinal recess
Helps lungs to expand during deep inspiration
Expands into recess during quiet inspiration
Costomediastinal recess is most obvious:
In the cardiac notch of left lung
Ends of the lungs (2)
Apex
Base (diaphragmatic surface)
Borders of the lungs (3)
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
Surfaces of the lungs (3)
Costal
Diaphragmatic (base)
Mediastinal
Collection of structures that attaches the lung to the structures of the mediastinum
Root
Where is the root present
Vertebral level T5-T7
Site where the mediastinal part of parietal pleura is reflected on the root of the lung as a cuff to be continuous with the visceral pleura. Forms a little sleeve.
Hilum
Contents of the root and hilum(6)
Main (principal) bronchus (rt side has usually divided before entering the rt lung) Pulmonary artery (1) Pulmonary veins (2) Bronchial vessels Pulmonary plexus of nerves Lymphatics
Fold of pleura that projects inferiorly from the root of the lung. Extends form the hilum to the mediastinum
Pulmonary ligament
Purpose of pulmonary ligament
Allows movement of the lung root during respiration. Moves in a downward direction into the ligament.
Lobes of the lungs (rt) (3) and what separates them,
Superior lobe Horizontal fissure Middle lobe Oblique fissure Inferior lobe
Lobes of left lung (2) and what separates them
Superior lobe
Oblique fissure
Inferior lobe
Which lung is longer, but thinner than the other?
Left
Cardiac notch is located:
Left lung, superior lobe towards the inferior end
Which vessels are typically most inferior?
Veins
Medial relations (impressions) right lung (due to things pressing against them)
Heart Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Azygos vein Esophagus Right subclavian vessels
Medial relations (impressions) left lung
Heart Arch of aorta Thoracic aorta Esophagus Left subclavian vessels
Parts of the bronchial tree
Trachea
Main (primary) bronchus
Lobar (secondary) bronchus
Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
The trachea is a continuation of the
Larynx
The trachea extends from:
It ends:
The cricoid cartilage (C6)
Ends at the sternal angle (T4/T5)
Division of the two bronchi branches
Carina
Each main bronchus enters where?
The root of the lung
Difference between right and left main bronchus
Right main bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical. It usually splits into lobar (secondary) bronchi before entering the lung
Left main bronchus is narrower, longer, and more angular
Secondary bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Each lobar bronchus supplies:
A lobe of the lung
Lobar bronchi divide into:
Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
Segmental bronchi supply the:
Bronchopulmonary segments
Segmental bronchi give rise to:
Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar sac Alveoli
There are ___ (#) bronchopulmonary segments in each lung
10 (though some fuse in the left lung and give 8).
Contents of bronchopulmonary segments
Segmental (tertiary) bronchus
Segmental (pulmonary) artery
Lymph vessels
Autonomic nerves
Arterial supply of the lungs
Bronchial arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Right bronchial artery comes from
Third posterior IC artery
Left bronchial arteries come from
Thoracic aorta
Pulmonary arteries come from
Pulmonary trunk
Venous drains of lungs
Bronchial veins
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial veins drain into
Pulmonary veins or
Azygos veins
Pulmonary veins drain into
Left atrium
Nerves of the lung
Pulmonary plexus
Autonomic plexus
Pulmonary plexus are present where?
At the bifurcation of the trachea
Autonomic plexus consists of:
Sympathetic fibers
Vagus nerves
Lymphatic drainage of the lungs tract
Lymphatics from the lungs To the Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes To the Tracheobronchial nodes To the Bronchomediastinal trunks To the Right lymphatic trunk/thoracic duct
