Unit 1 & 2 Review Flashcards
the tendon of which of the following muscles attaches to the 1st metatarsal fibularis brevis fibularis longus flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
fibularis longus
which of the following tarsal bones articulates with the talus to form the subtalar joint cuboid calcaneus intermediate cuneiform navicular
calcaneus
what layer of the foot are the 2 intrinsic abductor muscles located
first layer
what structures form the superior border of the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
what nerve is responsible for hi adduction
obturator nerve
which of the following has an attachment on the greater trochanter gluteus Maximus piriformis quadratus femoris semimembranosus
piriformis
pudendal nerve courses under which ligament to support the pelvic floor
sacrospinous ligament
when observing your patient’s gait, you notice that every time he bears weight on the right leg, his pelvis has a tendency to drop toward the left which is known as Trendelenburg gait with left hip drop. What muscle and nerve are affected?
gluteus medius and superior gluteal nerve
what artery emerges from the adductor hiatus inferiorly
popliteal
a patient with an injury to his tibial nerve following a bike crash. what muscle would most likely be affected?
flexor digitorum longus
solus
tibialis posterior
A PT is performing an anterior drawer test with a patient to assess the anterior displacement of the tibia which is normally restricted by what ligament?
anterior cruciate ligament
if the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve was lesioned, the most affected muscle action would be ____
eversion
which of the following muscles is considered the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa
biceps femoris
35 y/o female patient demonstrates B inward toes when standing and walking. what is the alignment relationship between the femoral head/neck and shaft?
anteversion
55 y/o female patient demonstrates B high arch feet (pes cavus). to compensate for the abnormal alignment, her 1st MTP joint was hypermobile, and you measured 120 degrees of extension at rest. what lower extremity knee alignment would you expect to observe?
bilateral genu vara
patient is asked to supinate her R foot. the R talocrural joint is positioned in ___
plantar flexion
adduction
inversion
patient has tightness of both iliopsoas and rectus femoris. to stretch these muscles, which of the following positions is most appropriate?
extending hip: knee straight to stretch iliopsoas
knee bent to stretch rectus femoris
is the medial or lateral menisci larger
medial menisci is larger
what muscle does the medial menisci attach to
semimembranosus tendon
the dorsal pedis is the distal attachment of what artery
anterior tibial
what tendon is used to help locate the dorsal pedis pulse
extensor hallucis longus
how many muscle attach to the talus
0
what is the innervation of petineus
femoral and obturator nerve
what is the innervation of the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
a patient sprained her R medial collateral ligament, grade 2. what is the best intervention?
wear an anti-valgus knee brace and exercise
no surgical intervention
your patient reported has played sports for years and has experienced R knee PCL grade 3 sprain. what will you observe when you ask the patient to flex his knee 90 degrees?
tibia sinks posteriorly
patient was diagnosed with common fibular nerve neuropathy. which muscles will be affected?
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
tibialis posterior
what area of the body is the best place to palpitate the distal part of the iliopsoas?
femoral triangle
palpate deep and lateral to the femoral artery
patient has lower back pain specifically around right gluteal region. palpitation of multiple muscle bellies indicated worse pain most superiorly and extending to the greater trochanter. what muscle is most likely the cuprit?
piriformis
patient was hospitalized for right pubic ramus and left iliac fossa fracture, but patient reports pain mainly around the R groin area to the medial thigh. in addition to the fracture, which muscle is most likely injured?
adductor magnus
patient was reffered for IT syndrome reports general pain around lateral knee, but you noticed the exact pain location was around posterolateral distal femur and proximal lateral knee, no pain noted around lateral femoral condyle to Gerdy’s tubercle. what muscle is most likely strained?
biceps femoris short head
patient was hospitalized for COPD exacerbation and reported L medial leg numbness/tingling down to the medial arch. you noticed BLE and foot swelling due to being bedridden for 2 days. what treatment will help decrease compression of the nerve the most?
elevate lower limb
manual therapy for lymph drainage
massage adductor canal muscles
patient dropped 50 pound dumbbell during a biceps curl and mashed his R cuboid with the tendon coursing under entirely severed. what motion of the ankle/foot will most likely be compromised?
pronation and eversion
patient was run over by his own car. the L medial tibial plateau was smashed entirely and the muscles attached to the medial plateau could not be reatached. what knee functions will be compromised?
flexion and internal rotation
if the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are too tight, which of the following muscles are best to stretch them
knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion to stretch gastrocnemius
knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion to stretch soleus
how many plantar and dorsal interossei attach to the base of the proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
0 plantar
2 dorsal interossei
patient reports worsening balance. examination showed B clawed toes and general weakness of BLE. what deficit is most likely to cause clawed toes?
weakness of lumbrical sand interossei
list the structure alignment of pes anserine surface from anterior to posterior
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
patient has experienced L gluteal pain with inability to walk greater than 5 minutes due to increasing severe pain. you noticed Trendelenburg’s sign on the right when the leg swings forward during gait. what location is the most appropriate to palpitate the muscles that is most likely impaired?
from the iliac crest down to the greater trochanter
female patient reported lumbar and L gluteal region pain, numbness/tingling down superolateral to inferomedial L medial thigh and around the knee. No improvement was noticed after 3 months of physical therapy, MRI was ordered and results indicate a disc paracentral protrusion. what disc is most likely to have protruded and caused the symptoms?
disc between L2/L3
patient was treated with interferential current and cold pack for knee pain. the cold pack was wrapped tightly around the knee for 20 minutes. patient felt numbness/tingling down the lateral leg to the dorsum of foot and noticed difficulty with lifting the foot up. what nerve is most likely impaired and where is the nerve located?
common fibular nerve
femoral neck
patients R medial arch was pierced by a sharp object which resulted in loss of sensation in the medial anterior sole. plantar nerve was completely severed. what muscle will most likely be compromised?
medial 1 lumbrical
patient reports R foot drop and is experiencing severe weakness with dorsiflexion/big toe extension and eversion. bruising is present in the anterolateral compartment, diffuse numbness of R dorsum of the foot, and tenderness with palpitation along the IT band tract to the gluteal region. deep palpation of the R piriformis provoked some tingling down the foot. what nerve is most likely injured?
common fibular nerve compressed at multiple locations
skilled physical therapy needed
what nerve crosses 2 posterior pelvic openings on the way to its targets?
pudendal nerve
you suspect the patient has Baker’s cyst. where should you palpitate to confirm the diagnosis?
popliteal fossa
patient presents with diagnosis of tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). what muscle should you test for pain?
extensor carpi radialis
what muscles form the inferior boundary of the suboccipital triangle
obliquus capitis inferior
what nerve would be affected by an injury to C7 nerve root
musculocutaneous
median
radia
which dorsal wrist tendon compartments are located lateral and medial of Lister’s tubercle
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
male biker enjoyed a 100-mile bike ride 3 weeks ago. patient feels very weak in the right hand when trying to grasp bike handle tightly. patient denies any numbness or tingling but reports tenderness around hook of hamate during palpitation. which nerve is probably impinged?
ulnar nerve, deep branch
what rotator cuff muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus and is involved in internal/medial rotation
subscapularis
patient fractures left ribs 5-7. three months later, he still could not reach over head and demonstrated winging of the left scapula. which nerve and muscle were most likely injured?
long thoracic nerve and serratus anterior
what is a branch of the axillary artery
anterior circumflex humeral
the tendon of which muscle attaches to the base of the 1st metatarsal?
fibularis longus
injury to what nerve would result in weak plantarflexion?
tibial nerve
what nerve is responsible for hip adduction
obturator
what muscle adducts the hip and flexes the knee
gracilis
what anatomical landmark si the location where the superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
adductor hiatus
what muscle aids in hip adduction
pectineus
injury to what nerve would result in weak knee extension
femoral
the anterior compartment of the lower leg is supplied by branches of which artery
anterior tibial
what muscle insertions compose the Pes Anserine
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
patient suffers superior gluteal nerve neuropathy, which functions of the hip will be affected
abduction
internal rotation
felxion
patient reported L hip pain without any clear mechanism of injury. you noticed that the L lower limb was shorter in supine. palpitation found both ASIS and PSIS on the left side were high than right side. what happened with left innominate bone
upslip
patient is asked to supinate her right food. the right talocrural joint is positioned in ___
plantar flexion/adduction/inversion
the dorsal pedis is the distal extension of which artery
anterior tibial
what tendon is used to help locate the dorsalis pedis pulse
extensor hallicus brevis
what muscles attach to the sigmoid bones on the 1st metatarsal
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
patient sprained her right medial collateral ligament, grade 2. what is the best recommendation for her?
wear an anti-valgus knee brace and exercise
no surgical repair needed
patient was diagnosed with common fibular nerve neuropathy. what muscles will be affected
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
tibialis anterior
you are performing pushups. when you slowly lower your body to the floor, what type of muscle contraction is being performed by the triceps
eccentric
Patient was referred for acute R lateral knee pain. Upon examination, you find that the patient has pain with flexion as well as pain
in the posterior knee that extends from the lateral femoral condyle to the medial posterior tibia through the popliteal fossa. Warmth
and redness was also noted. Which of the following muscles was most likely strained?
Popliteus
Patient recovered from mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of lumbar vertebrae. When testing LE strength of the hip flexors, you
noticed the patient flexed the hip, but also internally rotated and abducted his thigh at the same time. Which of the following
muscles did he use to compensate weakened hip flexors?
tensor fasciae latae
80 y/o female patient fractured the L intertrochanteric crest after a fall. After 3 months of skilled physical therapy, she still walks with toe in gait. Which of the following deeper hip muscles is the most likely to have been affected by the fracture?
quadratus femoris
If the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are too tight. Based on their attachment sites, which of the following positions would be
best to stretch them.
knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion to stretch gastronemius
knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion to stretch soleus
33 y /o female patient experienced post-surgical infection complications during an ultimately unsuccessful repair a severe flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon tear. Which of the following other foot muscles might also be compromised?
lumbricals
86 y/o male patient reports numbness/tingling along the L medial thigh. In addition to sensory deficits, which of the following
muscle groups are most likely compromised as well?
hip adductors
Patient demonstrates R foot clawed toes due to peripheral neuropathy. Which of the following nerve neuropathies will demonstrate
such sign?
lateral plantar nerve
Your colleague suspects that he has Baker¶s cyst. To palpate and confirm, which of the following locations you need to palpate?
popliteal fossa
The vertebral artery travels through which of the following structures of the cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen
what pulse is palpated posterior to the medial malleolus
posterior tibial
28 y/o military personnel was injured during a heavy deep squat and was referred for L hip femoroacetabular impingement. The
patient denied pain in a ³C´shape around the hip, but both resisted hip and knee flexion caused pain around the proximal
anteromedial thigh. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be strained?
sartorius
When walking, you notice your neighbor¶s L foot drops whenever it is off the ground. Weakness in which of the following muscles
is the MOST likely cause?
tibialis anterior
37 y/o male patient was hospitalized after a car accident in which he sustained a L proximal femoral shaft fracture without an open
wound. Patient reports severe pain in the quadriceps but no pain in the medial and posterior thigh. The L leg felt cold to the touch
and no pulse was felt when palpating the dorsalis pedis pulse distally. What is the most likely cause?
compartment syndrome
56 y/o male high school soccer coach reported L medial groin pain for 2 years. He remembered he slipped on the muddy ground
and fell into the splits when he tried to train the team. Palpation differentiated multiple layers of muscles, but pain was noted in the
superficial layer and became worse with palpation of muscle fibers from superomedial to inferolateral from the pubic tubercle to
midshaft of the femur. Which of the following muscles was most likely strained?
adductor magnus
33 y/o male patient reported numbness in the L distal leg and dorsum of foot after hitting his lateral leg on the edge of a curb.
Which of the following additional signs/symptoms are you most likely to observe due to this injury?
difficulty extending his toes
Patient sustained an inversion sprain of the R ankle and has felt unstable since then. Which of the following ligaments was most
likely injured?
anterior talofibular ligament
Patient complains of numbness/tingling along medial leg to the medial foot arch. Which of the following nerves is probably
impaired?
saphenous nerve
Patient sprained their R lateral collateral ligament (LCL), grade III. Which of the following positions places the most stress on the
LCL and would be most painful if stress were applied during your initial examination?
varus
Patient fractured R foot at the sustentaculum tali and ruptured the tendon coursing underneath. Which of the following muscles
was affected?
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
