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Clinical Anatomy > Thoracic Skeleton, Thoracic Wall, Lungs > Flashcards

Thoracic Skeleton, Thoracic Wall, Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Upper limb, pelvis, lower limb

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2
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

Head, neck, ribs, spine

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3
Q

What is the anterior attachment for ribs?

A

sternum

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4
Q

what is the posterior attachment for ribs?

A

thoracic vertebra

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5
Q

function of the thoracic skeleton

A

attachment for upper limb
protection and landmarks to viscera of the thorax and superior abdominal cavity
openings for communication
movement for respiration

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6
Q

what makes up the sternoclavicular joint

A

sternum and clavicle

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7
Q

what bones make up the sternum?

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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8
Q

what makes up the manubriosternal joint?

A

manubrium and body of sternum

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9
Q

what makes up the xiphoid joint

A

body of sternum and xiphoid process

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10
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

membraneous partition between 2 compartments in the body

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11
Q

what is the sternal angle

A

area between the manubrium and body of sternum
same as the manubriosternal joint
palpable landmark at the level of 2nd rib anteriorly
divides inferior and superior mediastinum

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12
Q

what makes up the sternocostal joint

A

costal cartilage and sternum

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13
Q

what makes up the costochondral joint

A

costal cartilage and ribs

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14
Q

what is the purpose of costal cartilage

A

increase elasticity of the structure

allows for better movement when breathing

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15
Q

what is the costal margin

A

inferior boundary of the anterior thoracic wall
inferolateral from xiphoid
attachment for diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles
palpable landmark for thoracic and abdominal cavities

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16
Q

what makes up the false ribs

A

ribs 8-10

costal cartilage attaches to the next superior costal cartilage

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17
Q

what are true ribs

A

costal cartilage articulates with sternum directly

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18
Q

what makes up the costovertebral joint

A

ribs and vertebra

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19
Q

what makes up the costotransverse joint

A

ribs and transverse process

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20
Q

where do ribs articulate superiorly

A

inferior costal facet of superior vertebral body

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21
Q

where do ribs articulate posteriorly on the thoracic vertebra

A

superior costal facet of the same rib

ex - rib 5 articulates with superior costal facet of veterbra 5

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22
Q

what is the angle of rib

A

the area that the rib is most bent
weakest point of the bone
area where trauma commonly occurs

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23
Q

what structure articulates with the sternum and ribs anteriorly

A

costal cartilage

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24
Q

what structure articulates with the thoracic vertebra and ribs posteriorly

A

costovertebral joint

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25
the esophagus must pass through what structure to reach the abdomen
diaphram
26
during inspiration, how does the pressure and volume change in the thoracic cavity
pressure decreases and volume increases
27
during expiration, how does pressure and volume change
pressure increases, volume decreases
28
during inspiration, how do the ribs move
up and out
29
during expiration, how do the ribs move
down and in
30
during inspiration, how does the diaphragm move
the diaphragm flattens and contracts
31
during expiration, how does the diaphram move
relaxes and raises
32
what nerve innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
33
what spinal roots innervate the phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5
34
what is inferior of the right dome of the diaphragm
liver
35
where is the right dome of the diaphragm at rest
5th rib
36
what is inferior to the left dome of the diaphram
stomach and spleen
37
where is the left dome located at rest
5th intercostal space
38
what connects the diaphragm to the fibrous pericardium of the heart
central tendon
39
what are the inferior attachments of the diaphragm
``` Xiphoid process of sternum costal margin ends of ribs 11 and 12 arcuate ligaments across posterior wall lumbar vertebrae ```
40
what passes through the caval opening/vena cava hiatus
inferior vena cava | right phrenic nerve
41
what passes through the esophageal hiatus
esophagus | vagal trunks
42
what structure is pulled on when the diaphragm contracts
central tendon
43
what muscles are used during forced inspiration
accessory muscles and diaphram
44
what nerves innervate the intercostal muscles
intercostal nerves
45
what nerve roots innervate the intercostal nerves
T2-T11
46
what structure passes through the diaphragm at T8
inferior vena cava
47
what is the superior attachment of the diaphragm
central tendon (attaches to fibrous cartilage)
48
when the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases (T/F)
true
49
what muscles are considered "thoracic wall muscles" or muscles that attach to the wall of the thoracic from other regions of the body
pectroalis major/minor serratus anterior sternoclemastoid and scalene muscles external oblique and rectus abdominus
50
pectoralis major attachment origin and insertion
origin: sternum and clavicle innsertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
51
pectoralis major action
flexion, adduction, internal rotation of humerus
52
pectoralis minor origin and insertion
origin: coracoid process innervation: ribs 3-5
53
pectoralis minor function
abduction and internal rotation of scapula
54
serratus anterior origin and insertion
origin: anteriorly on ribs 1-8 insertion: medial margin of scapula
55
serratus anterior function
scapula protraction
56
sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion
origin: manubrium insertion: sternum and clavicle
57
sternocleidomastoid function
rotation of head
58
external oblique and rectus abdominis function
trunk flection and rotation
59
what muscles are considered to be true thoracic wall muscles
transverse throacis subcostal muscles serratus posterior superior/inferior
60
characteristics of subcostal muscles
crosses 2 levels | intercostal muscle layers are between each rib
61
where can you find the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve
between internal and innermost intercostal muscles
62
function of the intercostal muscles (external, internal, innermost)
maintain structure of throacic wall participate in rib movement during respiration inner layers hold nerurovasculature superficial and deep
63
function of external intercostal muscles
elevate ribs during inspiration
64
where do the external intercostal membrane replace muscles fibers
to the sternum anteriorly
65
what is the function of internal intercostal muscles
middle layer | depress ribs during active expiration
66
how to the internal intercostal muscles run
oh my
67
where does the internal intercostal membrane replace the muscle fibers
to the vertebral bodies posterior
68
where an you find the innermost intercostal muscles
mostly found along the lateral section of the throacic wall
69
what can be found between the innermost and internal intercostal muscle layers
intercostal vein, artery, and nerve (VAN)
70
what veins are located in the throacic wall
azygos system and superior vena cava
71
what arteries are located in the thoracic wall
anterior and posterior intercostal arteries | subclavian and aorta - main sources
72
where do the posterior intercostal veins drain into
azygos system
73
where does the azygos vein drain to
superior vena cava
74
what makes up the azygos system
accessory hemiazygos vein | hemi-azygos vein
75
where do posterior intercostal veins drain directly into at superior levels
brachiocephalic veins
76
anterior intercostal veins drain into
internal thoracic veins
77
internal thoracic veins drain into
brachiocephalic vein
78
what are the two main sources of anterior and posterior blood supply
subclavian artery | throacic aorta
79
internal thoracic artery arises from
subclavian artery
80
anterior intercostal arteries arise from the
internal thoracic artery
81
1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries arise from
costocervical trunk
82
costocervical trunk arises from
subclavian artery
83
posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries arise from
thoracic aorta
84
what somatic nerves are located in the thoracic wall
intercostal (T1-T11) | subcostal (T12)
85
anterior and ventral rami at the thoracic level continue as
the intercostal nerves
86
what is the function of sympathetic innervation in the periphery
activate sweat glands cause hair follicles to stand on end vasoconstriction
87
the intercostal veins drain into what main venous system
azygos
88
what is the lining called that encloses the lungs in the thoracic cavity
pleura
89
what is the mediastinum
centrally located between both lung cavities
90
what is the function of the parietal pleura
covers the inner walls of the thoracic cavity
91
what is the function of the visceral pleura
covers the surface of the lungs
92
where does the cervical or apical parietal pleura line
parietal pleura that adjacent to the apex of the lung
93
what is the function of the costal pleura
lines the inner costal surfaces | covers inner aspect of the ribs
94
what ribs are floating ribs?
ribs 9-12
95
CT scan showed fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. When the patient stands, where will the fluid drain to?
costodiaphramatic recess
96
What muscle would be affected if a patient has C4 dorsal ramus transected?
serratus posterior superior
97
The parietal pleura is innervated by somatic nerve for pain sensory detection. What nerve provides innervation around mediastinal parietal pleura?
phrenic nerve
98
An infant swallows a Lego which is now lodged in the lung. What lobe of the lung could you find the Lego?
Right lower lobe

Clinical Anatomy (14 decks)

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