Nervous System Flashcards
what is composed in the central nervous system
brain
spinal cord
what is composed in the peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
peripheral nerves
describe the somatic nervous system
receives and responds to information related to the external environment
innervates skin and skeletal muscles
controls voluntary activity
describe the visceral/autonomic nervous system
innervates internal organs, smooth muscles, and glands
detects and responds to the internal environment
controls involuntary activity
maintains homeostasis
describe the frontal lobe
primary motor cortex voluntary behavior language intelligence emotional/behavioral/social control personality
describe the temporal lobe
hearing and selective listening
receives sensory information
language comprehension
short term memory
describe Broca’s area
frontal lobe
“broken speech”
speech is non-fluent
pt is aware of deficit
often occurs from strokes affecting the middle cerebral artery
describe Wernicke’s Area
temporal lobe
"word salad" impaired comprehension pt is usually unaware of deficit fluent but meaningless speech sentences don't make sense
what is global aphasia
large lesion in dominant hemisphere affecting: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, Arcuate fasciculus
nonfluent aphasia
often occurs from infarction from occlusions of internal carotid or middle cerebral artery
describe the parietal lobe
sensory cortex
perception of body
perception and integration of somatosensory information (tough, pain, pressure, temperature)
reading/writing
describe the occipital lobe
mapping the visual world for spatial reasoning and visual memory
assessing distance, size, and depth
identifying visual stimuli
receiving raw visual data from perceptual sensors in the eye’s retina
what are the functions of the cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movements
regulates equilibrium and muscle tone
receives collateral sensory input
describe the brain stem
contains ascending and descending tracts
location of most of the cranial nerve nuclei
site of cardiovascular/respiratory center
centers for: vomiting, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, hiccuping
what are the roles of the insular lobe
emotion, drive, awareness, sensory processing, homeostasis, empathy
what fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
