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Clinical Anatomy > Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what spinal level is the inferior vena cava located

A

T8

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2
Q

what spinal level is the esophageal hiatus located

A

T10

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3
Q

what spinal level is the aortic hiatus (abdominal aorta and celiac trunk) located

A

T12

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4
Q

what spinal level is the transpyloric plane located

A

L1

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5
Q

what is included in the transpyloric plane

A

1st part of the duodenum
8th intercostal space
superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

what structures are located a the L2 spinal level

A

renal artery

left diaphragm crus attachment

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7
Q

what structures are located at the L3 level

A

subcostal plane
12th rib
inferior mesenteric arteries

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8
Q

what structures are located at the L4 spinal level

A

supracristal plane
umbilicus
abdominal aorta divides into r/l common iliac arteries

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9
Q

what structures are located at the L5 spinal level

A

intertubercular plane

inferior vena cava formed by r/l common iliac veins

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10
Q

what structures are in the medial sagittal plane

A

xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

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11
Q

what structures are located in the right upper quadrant

A

liver

duodenum

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12
Q

what structures are located in the left upper quadrant

A

stomach and spleen

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13
Q

what structures are located in the right lower quadrant

A

cecum and ascending colon

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14
Q

what structures are located in the left lower quadrant

A

descending and sigmoid colon

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15
Q

what is McBurney’s point

A

location of the base of the appendix

referral pain for appendicitis

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16
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior abdominal wall

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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17
Q

what is the innervation of the lateral abdominal wall

A

intercostal nerves

lateral cutaneous branch

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18
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior abdominal wall

A

intercostal nerve

anterior cutaneous branch

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19
Q

what structure is located at T6 vertebra level

A

xiphoid process

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20
Q

what structure is located at T10 vertebra level

A

umbilicus

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21
Q

Where is the T12 dermatome located

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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22
Q

what level does the spinal cord stop

A

T12-L2

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23
Q

what is caput medusae

A

swollen veins in the abdomen

related to liver disease

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24
Q

what occurs with an abdominal aorta malfunction

A

lower extremity can get blood supply form superior epigastric artery

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25
Q

what can occur with an inferior vena cava malfunction

A

lower extremity blood can drain back to superior vena cava

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26
Q

what are the layers of the abdominal wall from external to internal

A 
skin
superficial fascia (fatty layer, membranous layer)
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia 
parietal peritoneum
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27
Q

origin of external oblique muscle

A

external surface of 5-12th ribs

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28
Q

insertion of external oblique muscle

A

aponeurosis attaches to Linea Alba
iliac crest
pubic tubercle
folds to form inguinal ligament

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29
Q

function of external oblique muscle

A

compression of abdominal cavity
stabilization of pelvis
ipsilateral SB and contralateral RT
trunk flexion

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30
Q

innervation of external oblique muscle

A

intercostal nerve T7-T12

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31
Q

what direction do the external oblique muscles run

A

hands in pocket

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32
Q

what direction do the internal oblique muscles run

A

oh my

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33
Q

origin of internal oblique muscle

A

inferior border of 10-12th ribs

thoracolumbar fascia

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34
Q

insertion of the internal oblique muscles

A

aponeurosis attaches to Linea Alba
anterior 2/3 iliac crest
continue in the inguinal ligament

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35
Q

function of internal oblique muscles

A

core to support abdominal contents and stabilize pelvis
ipsilateral SB and RT
trunk flexion
elevate testes

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36
Q

innervation of internal oblique muscles

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12

2 branches of L1

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37
Q

innervation of internal oblique muscles

A

iliohypogastric nerves

38
Q

innervation of cremaster part

A

ilioinguinal nerve

39
Q

origin of transverse abdominis

A

thoracolumbar fascia

inner surface of ribs 7-12

40
Q

insertion of transversus abdominis

A

aponeurosis attaches to linea alba
iliac crest
pubic tubercle
folds to iningial ligament

41
Q

function of transverse abdominis

A

increase intraabdominal pressure/compression

spinal rotation

42
Q

innervation of transverse abdominis

A

intercostal nerve T7-T12

2 branches of L1

43
Q

where are the intercostal nerves located in the abdominal muscles

A

between transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles

44
Q

origin of rectus abdominis

A

xiphoid process and 5-7th costal cartiliages

45
Q

insertion of rectus abdominis

A

public crest, tubercle, symphysis

46
Q

function of rectus abdominis

A

compression/stabilization of pelvis

trunk flexion

47
Q

innervation of rectus abdominis

A

intercostal nerves T7-T12

48
Q

what is the pyramidalis

A

small triangular muscles in the distal anterior rectus abdominis

49
Q

what is the arcuate line

A

~1/3 distance of umbilicus to pubic symphysis of posterior rectus abdominis

50
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis wrapped by the aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal muscles

51
Q

what is above and superior to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath

A

aponeurosis of external oblique

half aponeurosis of internal abdominis

52
Q

what is above and deep to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath

A

half aponeurosis of internal oblique

aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

53
Q

what is below and superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath

A

all aponeurosis of 3 layers of muscles

54
Q

what is below and deep to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath

A

none, weakness of the abdominal wall

55
Q

what is the lateral border of Hesselbach’s/inguinal triangle

A

medial of lateral umbilial fold

56
Q

what is the inferior border of Hesselbach’s/inguinal triangle

A

inguinal ligament

57
Q

what is the medial border of Hesselbach’s/inguinal triangle

A

lateral rectus abdominis

58
Q

what symptoms can occur with anastomosis with rectal vein to internal vena cava

A

can lead to internal hemorrhoids

59
Q

what can occur with anastomosis of portal vein branches to esophageal veins to superior vena cava

A

esophageal varices

60
Q

what can occur with anastomosis with epigastric veins to INV/SVC if IVC has problems

A

caput medusae

61
Q

what veins close after birth, but can reopen in portal hypertension

A

paraumbilical veins

62
Q

what ligament is an external oblique aponeurosis spanning from the ASIS and public tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

63
Q

what are the layers of the inguinal canal

A

external oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique muscle slip
transverse abdominis

64
Q

what veins/arterys run through the inguinal canal

A

femoral artery and vein

65
Q

hernia happens at the deep inguinal ring
most common abdominal hernia (~3/4)
abdominal contents enter the scrotum in males and into the groin for females
can be congenital or acquired

A

indirect inguinal hernia

66
Q

hernia that happens at the superficial inguinal ring
weakness of abdominal wall at Hesselbach’s/inguinal triangle
abdominal contents never enter the scrotum
all acquired but can be predisposed

A

direct inguinal hernia

67
Q

hernia caused by abnormal closure after birth

A

umbilical hernia

68
Q

hernia caused after laparotomy/laparoscopy due to weakened anterior abdominal wall

A

post-surgical/incisional hernia

69
Q

what is diastasis recti

A

separation of linea alba
happens in both genders equally
internal organs are pushed outward when intra-abdominal pressure increases

70
Q

what can worsen hernia/diastasis recti and how can PT improve the condition

A

worsens with increasing intra-abdominal pressure

can be improved with core strengthening exercises

71
Q

what are the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

anterior: internal oblique, transversus abdominis
middle: quadratus lumborum
posterior: erector spinae and extrinsic back muscles

72
Q

origin of quadratus lumborum

A

inferior border of 12th rib

lateral transverse process of L1-L4

73
Q

insertion of quadratus lumborum

A

posterior iliac crest

iliolumbar ligament

74
Q

function of quadratus lumborum

A

ipsilateral lumbar SB
hip lift
depress 12th rib to aid in respiration

75
Q

innervation of quadratus lumborum

A

T12-L4 lumbar spinal nerves

76
Q

origin of psoas major

A

T12-L5

77
Q

insertion of psoas major

A

lesser trochanter

78
Q

function of psoas major

A

open chain: hip flexion, external rotation, adduction

closed chain: trunk flextion and side bend

79
Q

innervation of psoas major

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

80
Q

what is median arcuate ligament syndrome

A

compression of aorta by the median arcuate ligament

symptoms: pain around stomach and afraid of eating

81
Q

what is the nerve root to the subcostal nerve

A

T12

82
Q

what is the nerve root to the iliohypogastric nerve

A

T12/L1

83
Q

what is the nerve root to the ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

84
Q

what is the nerve root to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2-L3

85
Q

what is the nerve root of the femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

86
Q

what is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve

A

L1-L2

87
Q

what is the nerve root of the obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

88
Q

what is the nerve root of the lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-L5

89
Q

what are the anterior core muscles

A

transversus abdominis

90
Q

what are the posterior core muscles

A

multifidi

Clinical Anatomy (14 decks)

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