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Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what spinal level is the inferior vena cava located

A

T8

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2
Q

what spinal level is the esophageal hiatus located

A

T10

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3
Q

what spinal level is the aortic hiatus (abdominal aorta and celiac trunk) located

A

T12

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4
Q

what spinal level is the transpyloric plane located

A

L1

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5
Q

what is included in the transpyloric plane

A

1st part of the duodenum
8th intercostal space
superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

what structures are located a the L2 spinal level

A

renal artery

left diaphragm crus attachment

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7
Q

what structures are located at the L3 level

A

subcostal plane
12th rib
inferior mesenteric arteries

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8
Q

what structures are located at the L4 spinal level

A

supracristal plane
umbilicus
abdominal aorta divides into r/l common iliac arteries

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9
Q

what structures are located at the L5 spinal level

A

intertubercular plane

inferior vena cava formed by r/l common iliac veins

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10
Q

what structures are in the medial sagittal plane

A

xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

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11
Q

what structures are located in the right upper quadrant

A

liver

duodenum

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12
Q

what structures are located in the left upper quadrant

A

stomach and spleen

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13
Q

what structures are located in the right lower quadrant

A

cecum and ascending colon

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14
Q

what structures are located in the left lower quadrant

A

descending and sigmoid colon

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15
Q

what is McBurney’s point

A

location of the base of the appendix

referral pain for appendicitis

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16
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior abdominal wall

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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17
Q

what is the innervation of the lateral abdominal wall

A

intercostal nerves

lateral cutaneous branch

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18
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior abdominal wall

A

intercostal nerve

anterior cutaneous branch

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19
Q

what structure is located at T6 vertebra level

A

xiphoid process

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20
Q

what structure is located at T10 vertebra level

A

umbilicus

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21
Q

Where is the T12 dermatome located

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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22
Q

what level does the spinal cord stop

A

T12-L2

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23
Q

what is caput medusae

A

swollen veins in the abdomen

related to liver disease

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24
Q

what occurs with an abdominal aorta malfunction

A

lower extremity can get blood supply form superior epigastric artery

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25
what can occur with an inferior vena cava malfunction
lower extremity blood can drain back to superior vena cava
26
what are the layers of the abdominal wall from external to internal
``` skin superficial fascia (fatty layer, membranous layer) external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis transversalis fascia extraperitoneal fascia parietal peritoneum ```
27
origin of external oblique muscle
external surface of 5-12th ribs
28
insertion of external oblique muscle
aponeurosis attaches to Linea Alba iliac crest pubic tubercle folds to form inguinal ligament
29
function of external oblique muscle
compression of abdominal cavity stabilization of pelvis ipsilateral SB and contralateral RT trunk flexion
30
innervation of external oblique muscle
intercostal nerve T7-T12
31
what direction do the external oblique muscles run
hands in pocket
32
what direction do the internal oblique muscles run
oh my
33
origin of internal oblique muscle
inferior border of 10-12th ribs | thoracolumbar fascia
34
insertion of the internal oblique muscles
aponeurosis attaches to Linea Alba anterior 2/3 iliac crest continue in the inguinal ligament
35
function of internal oblique muscles
core to support abdominal contents and stabilize pelvis ipsilateral SB and RT trunk flexion elevate testes
36
innervation of internal oblique muscles
intercostal nerves T7-T12 | 2 branches of L1
37
innervation of internal oblique muscles
iliohypogastric nerves
38
innervation of cremaster part
ilioinguinal nerve
39
origin of transverse abdominis
thoracolumbar fascia | inner surface of ribs 7-12
40
insertion of transversus abdominis
aponeurosis attaches to linea alba iliac crest pubic tubercle folds to iningial ligament
41
function of transverse abdominis
increase intraabdominal pressure/compression | spinal rotation
42
innervation of transverse abdominis
intercostal nerve T7-T12 | 2 branches of L1
43
where are the intercostal nerves located in the abdominal muscles
between transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles
44
origin of rectus abdominis
xiphoid process and 5-7th costal cartiliages
45
insertion of rectus abdominis
public crest, tubercle, symphysis
46
function of rectus abdominis
compression/stabilization of pelvis | trunk flexion
47
innervation of rectus abdominis
intercostal nerves T7-T12
48
what is the pyramidalis
small triangular muscles in the distal anterior rectus abdominis
49
what is the arcuate line
~1/3 distance of umbilicus to pubic symphysis of posterior rectus abdominis
50
what is the rectus sheath
rectus abdominis wrapped by the aponeurosis of the 3 abdominal muscles
51
what is above and superior to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath
aponeurosis of external oblique | half aponeurosis of internal abdominis
52
what is above and deep to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath
half aponeurosis of internal oblique | aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
53
what is below and superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath
all aponeurosis of 3 layers of muscles
54
what is below and deep to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath
none, weakness of the abdominal wall
55
what is the lateral border of Hesselbach's/inguinal triangle
medial of lateral umbilial fold
56
what is the inferior border of Hesselbach's/inguinal triangle
inguinal ligament
57
what is the medial border of Hesselbach's/inguinal triangle
lateral rectus abdominis
58
what symptoms can occur with anastomosis with rectal vein to internal vena cava
can lead to internal hemorrhoids
59
what can occur with anastomosis of portal vein branches to esophageal veins to superior vena cava
esophageal varices
60
what can occur with anastomosis with epigastric veins to INV/SVC if IVC has problems
caput medusae
61
what veins close after birth, but can reopen in portal hypertension
paraumbilical veins
62
what ligament is an external oblique aponeurosis spanning from the ASIS and public tubercle
inguinal ligament
63
what are the layers of the inguinal canal
external oblique aponeurosis internal oblique muscle slip transverse abdominis
64
what veins/arterys run through the inguinal canal
femoral artery and vein
65
hernia happens at the deep inguinal ring most common abdominal hernia (~3/4) abdominal contents enter the scrotum in males and into the groin for females can be congenital or acquired
indirect inguinal hernia
66
hernia that happens at the superficial inguinal ring weakness of abdominal wall at Hesselbach's/inguinal triangle abdominal contents never enter the scrotum all acquired but can be predisposed
direct inguinal hernia
67
hernia caused by abnormal closure after birth
umbilical hernia
68
hernia caused after laparotomy/laparoscopy due to weakened anterior abdominal wall
post-surgical/incisional hernia
69
what is diastasis recti
separation of linea alba happens in both genders equally internal organs are pushed outward when intra-abdominal pressure increases
70
what can worsen hernia/diastasis recti and how can PT improve the condition
worsens with increasing intra-abdominal pressure | can be improved with core strengthening exercises
71
what are the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia
anterior: internal oblique, transversus abdominis middle: quadratus lumborum posterior: erector spinae and extrinsic back muscles
72
origin of quadratus lumborum
inferior border of 12th rib | lateral transverse process of L1-L4
73
insertion of quadratus lumborum
posterior iliac crest | iliolumbar ligament
74
function of quadratus lumborum
ipsilateral lumbar SB hip lift depress 12th rib to aid in respiration
75
innervation of quadratus lumborum
T12-L4 lumbar spinal nerves
76
origin of psoas major
T12-L5
77
insertion of psoas major
lesser trochanter
78
function of psoas major
open chain: hip flexion, external rotation, adduction | closed chain: trunk flextion and side bend
79
innervation of psoas major
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
80
what is median arcuate ligament syndrome
compression of aorta by the median arcuate ligament | symptoms: pain around stomach and afraid of eating
81
what is the nerve root to the subcostal nerve
T12
82
what is the nerve root to the iliohypogastric nerve
T12/L1
83
what is the nerve root to the ilioinguinal nerve
L1
84
what is the nerve root to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
L2-L3
85
what is the nerve root of the femoral nerve
L2-L4
86
what is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve
L1-L2
87
what is the nerve root of the obturator nerve
L2-L4
88
what is the nerve root of the lumbosacral trunk
L4-L5
89
what are the anterior core muscles
transversus abdominis
90
what are the posterior core muscles
multifidi

Clinical Anatomy (14 decks)

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