unit 1-2 637 1st shift Flashcards
the ph healthcare system is comped of what?
healthcare financing
healthcare delivery system
health outcomes
4 main sources of financing?
out of pocket/ user fees
national and local government
insurance
donors
health care delivery system is composed of what?
health facilities
health human resource
health facilities are composed of what?
private hospitals
public/government hospitals
primary health care facilities
how many hospitals, city/rural health centers, village health stations are there?
1224 hospitals
25873 city/rural health centers
20216 village health stations
what are human health resources?
main drivers of the healthcare system
essential for the efficient management and operation of the public healthcare system
health educators and healthcare providers
health outcomes are composed of?
life expectancy
deaths and births
who has a higher life expectancy women or men?
WOMEN
birth rate in the ph in 2018?
20.55
death rate in the ph in 2018?
5.873
what is a health policy?
decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals in society
outlines priorities and expected roles of different groups
builds consensus and informs people
what is the universal healthcare bill RA no.?
11223
what does the UHC bill state?
every filipino including OFWs are eligible for preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care upon enrollment to the government health insurance policy
philhealth will cover free consultation fees, lab tests, and other services
what does the UHC aim to improve?
doctor-to-patient ratio
upgrade hospital beds and equipment
establish more hospitals in remote areas
what circular states that: “only confirmed cases of covid 19 require hospital admissions and are required to claim inpatient packages as stated in philhealth circulat 2021-0009”
philhealth circular no. 2021-008
what is licensure?
legal approval to operate
what is certification?
authority to participate in several programs
what is accreditation?
external review process that the organization can elect to undergo
voluntary process and not required
what is the licensure of hospitals or facilities?
all must have license to operate
state dept of health or a similar agency will carry out the licensing function
what are licensing regulations?
emphasize areas such as physical plant standards, fire safety, space allocations, sanitation
what is the licensure to individuals/ professionals?
granted after some form if examination/ proof of education
may be renewed after payment of a fee or proof of continuing education/ professional competence
what is RA10912?
CPD act of 2016
professionals working abroad shall not be covered by the CPD requirement during their employment abroad
newly licensed individuals shall be exempted from CPD requirements for their first renewal
CPD units shall not be more than 15 units
all seminars must be recognized as CPD units
what is a organizational licensure?
granted following an onsite inspection to see if standards have been met
what is maintenance of licensure?
ongoing requirement for healthcare organization to continue to operate
what is a certificate applied to individual practitioners?
implies that the person has received additional education and training, demonstrated competence in a specialty beyond the minimum
what is certification applied to an organization?
implies that the organization has additional services, technology, or capacity beyond those found in similar organizations
what are accreditation standards?
optimal and achievable
designed to encourage continuous improvement efforts within accredited organizations
what are accreditation decisions?
made following a periodic on-site evaluation by a team of peer reviewers
conducted every 2-3 yrs
what does PTAHF, inc. stand for?
philippine tripartite accreditation for health facilities, inc.
what is PTAHF, inc.?
independent, non profit org dedicated to improve and promote quality and safety in the delivery of healthcare through continuing review of performance, assessment, and accreditation
3 major organizations of PTAHF?
AHA
ANSAP
PAGHAO
4 key sections of PTAHF?
standard development dept
research and training
accreditation dept and assessment and monitoring dept
offers assessment and accreditation including research and development, training and capability building for assessors and implementors
DOH introduced what?
health accreditation commission (HAC)
before HAC was introduced who did the accreditation and how?
philhealth through surveys
what is primary healthcare accrding to WHO?
essential healthcare made universally acceptable to individuals through their full participation and at a cost that is affordable in every stage of development
what are the 2 types of primary healthworkers in the ph?
barangay health workers (BHW)
intermdiate level primary health worker
who is the unprofessional axillary healthcare worker?
the BHWs
4 pillars of primary healthcare?
community participation
inter-sectoral coordination
appropriate technology
support mechanism made available
8 elements of primary healthcare?
education
water & sanitation
nutrition
maternal & child health
immunization
prevention of endemic disease
treatment
drug availability
health care information is also called?
patient specific information
what is health care information?
governed by state and federal laws in addition to those for licensure and accreditation
how is authentication done?
signature on a document
how are records destroyed?
burning/shredding
what does AHIMA stand for?
american health information management association
what does AHIMA do?
guidelines for defining the health record for legal purposes
legal health record as the documentation of the healthcare services provided to a patient in any aspect of delivery by a provider
what is a legal health record (LHR)?
includes records of care in any health-related setting used by healthcare professionals while providing patient care, for reviewing patient data, documenting observations, actions, or instructions
what does the LHR include?
records that are not official business records of a provider
personal health records that are patient populated, controlled, and managed
what are patient-identifiable source data?
data which interpretations, notes, and summaries are derived
what is derived data?
information aggregated or summarized from patient records so that there are no means to identify the patient
what should be the basis for an organization’s formal retention policy?
state requirements
when no retention requirements are made by the state, how long should the patient information be maintained?
as long as the statute of limitations or other regulations require
who instituted the recommended retention standards?
AHIMA
what is the recommended retention standard?
10 years or until the time the patient reaches the age of majority plus the time stated in the statute of limitations
what are the ahima destruction guidelines?
destroy records so that there is no possibility of reconstruction
burn, shred, pulp, pulverize
recycle
degauss
document the destruction
true/false: destruction documentation must be kept indefinitely
true
what is JCHAM?
joint commission hospital accreditation manual
how does JCHAM describe authentication?
validation of correctness for both the information itself and the person who is both the author and user of this information
what are electronic signatures?
created when the provider enters a unique code, biometric, password that verifies his identity
accepted by JCHAM and CMS
what is privacy?
individuals right to be left alone, free from unwanted publicity
right to limit access to healthcare information
what is confidentiality?
information shared during treatment will be used for its intended purpose and not disclosed otherwise
built on trust
what is RA8504?
philippine AIDS prevention and control act of 1998
when was RA8504 approved?
feb 13 1998
what does RA8504 state?
all HIV/AIDS tests will be kept confidential except to
person who submitted him/herself to testing
parent of a minor
guardian of orphans or insane persons
people from the AIDSWATCH program
supreme justice/ court of appeals
what does HIS do?
integrated data collection, processing, reporting, and use of information to improve the health services effectiveness and efficiency through better management on all levels
what are the benefits of data-driven decision making?
continual growth
valuable insights
actionable insights
optimized operations
improved program operations
prediction of future trends
from what family is sars-cov-2 from?
coronaviridae
functions of HIS?
collect
analyse
ensure information quality
convert
from what family is the influenza virulent avian from?
orthomyxoviridae
how is influenza transmitted?
airborne droplets or contaminated surfaces
what are minor & major antigenic shifts called?
minor - antigen drift
major - antigen shift
what are the levels of the HIS?
patient/client management level
health unit management level
systems management level
true/false: policymakers are involved in the health unit management level
false, in systems management level
what level is concerned with accumulated patient data
health unit management level
what are the subsystems of HIS?
preventive health information system
hospital information and medical records system
disease surveillance system
population/community-based health information system
geographic information system
vital registration system
what were the healthcare drivers of the 1960s?
medicare and mediaid
IT drivers of the 1960s?
expensive mainframes
expensive storage
all in a shared hospital accounting system
healthcare drivers of the 1970s?
hospital wide communication
broadened admin systems
expanded finance admin systems
department systems processing
IT drivers of the 1970s?
small computers
improved terminals and connectivity
the 1980s is a period of adjustment because of?
innovative reimbursement reforms and increasing competition
healthcare drivers of the 80s?
reimbursement
diagnostic related groupings
IT drivers of the 80s?
personal computers
networking
cheaper storage
independent software applications
healthcare drivers of the 90s?
competition and consolidation
need to integrate hospitals, clinics, managed care
IT drivers of the 90s?
access to broad, distributed computing systems and robust networks
how much did NHE account for in the GDP?
13.3%, a 1.2% increase
why did the NHE increase in the GDP?
bec george bush amended the medicare to include drug prescription coverage
made the medicare prescription drug, improvement and modernization act of 2003
health care driver of 2000s?
outcome-based reimbursement
IT driver or 2000s?
cloud computing
what is information technology?
combination of computer technology with data and telecommunications technology
types of health information technology?
EHR
PACS
VNA
what is VNA?
software tools to centralize all medical imaging systems into one perpetual repository
what happens in healthcare software systems?
providers can enter and track patient information to process insurance and payment information
what is the health information ecosystem?
aka health interoperability ecosystem
composed of individuals, processes, systems that share, exchange, access health information
includes: discrete, narrative, multimedia
what do healthcare sectors need in the cloud?
information in the right movement
high accuracy
higher level of interaction
reduced IT costs
secure data storage and access
advantages of the cloud?
better management of data
integrated and efficient patient care
easy to share information
beneficial to small clinics and hospitals
practice management
disadvantages of cloud?
potential risks to personal information (data breach)
cumbersome setup (not familiar with cloud technology)
health informatics in the philippines?
application of technology and systems in the ehealth care setting
when did health informatics start in the ph?
1980 by IBM and 2006 CHITS was made
what makes up the development of health informatics in the ph?
EMR
CHITS
WAH
NTC
SHINE
challenges of health informatics?
lack of interest in the field
expenditure
seeing it as a novelty, not a profession
not integrating the benefits of IT in the health sector
HIS challenges in the ph?
delayed access to reliable info
poor quality of info
poor use of info
contrasting systems
poor transfer, recording, processing of data
ehealth initiatives?
forming cost-effective ehealth strategies
transparent, equitable, ethical public-private partnerships
capacity and infrastructure
establishment of global ehealth observatory
promoting health and healthy lifestyle via elearning
