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clinpara unit 4 protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

amoeba is characterized by the presence of what kind of extrusions from what part?

A

hyaline-like extrusions from the ectoplasm

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2
Q

all amoeba are commensals except?

A

entamoeba histolytica

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3
Q

4 stages of amoeba life cycle?

A

trophozoite
pre-cystic stage
cystic stage
metacystic stage

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4
Q

what is encystation?

A

when the trophozoite transforms into a cyst

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5
Q

what is excystation?

A

when the cyst transforms into a trophozoite

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6
Q

entamoeba histolytica is common where?

A

tropical areas with poor sanitation

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7
Q

true or false: e. histolytica is a pathogenic amoeba

A

true

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8
Q

pathogenecity of e. histolytica is reflected where?

A

in its ability to cause invasive intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebic infections

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9
Q

habitat of e. histolytica?

A

large intestines

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10
Q

e. histolytica virulent stage?

A

trophozoite

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11
Q

final host of e. histolytica?

A

man

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12
Q

mode of transmission of e. histolytica?

A

ingestion of mature cyst

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13
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: progressive aggresive motility

A

trophozoite

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14
Q

what direction and manner does the e. histolytica trophozoites move?

A

rapid directional with hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia

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15
Q

what stage is the motile stage of e. histolytica?

A

trophozoites

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16
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: round with thin cell wall

A

cyst

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17
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: evenly distributed peripheral chromatin

A

cyst

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18
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: mononucleated

A

trophozoites

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19
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has hematophagia

A

trophozoite

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20
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: karyosome is centrally located

A

both

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21
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has chromatoidal bar

A

cyst

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22
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: vegetative or feeding stage

A

trophozoite

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23
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: 10-20um in size usually 12-15um

A

cyst

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24
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: 12-60um usually 15-20um

A

trophozoites

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25
Q

what is the shape of the chromatoidal bar of the e. histolytica cyst?

A

cigar shape
sausage shape
rod shape
coffin shape
with rounded ends

26
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has cytoplasm

A

trophozoite

27
Q

e. histolytica cyst or trophozoite: has 4 nuclei

28
Q

what is the appearance of the e. histolytica trophozoites

A

finely granular, ground-glass appearance

29
Q

how is the chromatin distributed in the e. histolytica cyst?

A

evenly distributed peripherally

30
Q

how to diagnose e. histolytica?

A

DFS
concentration technique
culture media
stains
serological tests

31
Q

non-pathogenic lumen dweller?

A

entamoeba coli

32
Q

mode of transmission of entamoeba coli?

A

ingestion of cyst form contaminated water or food

33
Q

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: 15-50um (20-25um)

A

trophozoite

34
Q

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: 10-35um (15-25um)

35
Q

e. coli cyst or trophozoite: spherical/ oval

36
Q

appearance of karyosome of the e.coli cyst?

A

octonucleated with eccentric and large karyosome

37
Q

what is the movement of the e.coli trophozoite?

A

sluggish, nondirectional with blunt and granular pseudopodia

38
Q

what is the appearance of the chromatin of trophozoite in e.coli?

A

unevenly arranged and clumped peripheral chromatin

39
Q

appearance of cytoplasm in e.coli trophozoite?

A

granular and usually vacuolated, contains debris

40
Q

chromatoidal body of the cyst of e.coli?

A

splinter shaped with rough, pointed ends

41
Q

what kind of chromatin does the e.coli cyst have?

A

peripheral chromatin is coarsely granular or clumped unevenly distributed

42
Q

protozoans characterized by the presence of whip-like locomotory organ?

A

flagellates

43
Q

under what phylum were flagellates in old and new?

A

old: phylum sarcomastigophora
new: phylum metamonada

44
Q

what are the flagellates with no cyst stage?

A

trichomonas vaginalis
trichomonas hominis
dientamoeba fragilis

45
Q

where is giardia duodenalis usually found?

A

soil, food, water that has been contaminated with feces

46
Q

what is the sample for g. duodenalis

A

foul smelling diarrhea with excess fat and mucus but no blood

47
Q

what is the pathology of g duodenalis?

A

similar to amebiasis and bacterial diarrhea
travelers diarrhea, gay bowel syndrome
epigastric pain, flatulence, fat malabsorption

48
Q

diagnosis of g duodenalis?

A

routine stool exam
entero test
duodenal aspirate exam
immunoassays
tissue biopsy
molecular testing

49
Q

dientamoeba fragilis is originally described as?

50
Q

d. fragilis trophozoite and cyst description?

A

1-2 nuclei
nuclear membrane has no peripheral chromatin

51
Q

karyosome of d. fragilis has howm any granules

A

4-6 discrete granules

52
Q

MOT of d. fragilis?

A

fecal oral conveyed in helminth eggs
ingestion of trophozoites or eggs

53
Q

true or false: d. fragilis is usually asymtopmatic

54
Q

common symptoms of d. fragilis?

A

intermittent diarrhea with excess mucus

55
Q

diagnosis of d. fragilis?

A

DFS
not detected by concentration techniques
fixation with PVA or Schaudinn’s fixative

56
Q

what form does trichomonas vaginals exist as?

A

pear shaped or pyriform

57
Q

diagnosis of t. vaginalis

A

urinalysis
vaginal discharge, scrapings
cervical smear
seminal, prostatic fluid exam
fluorescent staining
culture
immunoassays
molecular testing

58
Q

what are the non pathogenic flagellates?

A

pentatrichomonas (trichomnonas) hominis
trichomonas tenax
chilomastix mesnili

59
Q

what is the only ciliate and largest of the protozoans that parasitize humans

A

balantidium coli

60
Q

true or false: balantidium coli infection is never asymptomatic

A

false, it isd mostly asymptomatic

stuff ni jas (20 decks)

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