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FMST > Understanding Self + Others > Flashcards

Understanding Self + Others Flashcards

1
Q

When does self-awareness emerge

A

18-24 months

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2
Q

How does self-awareness first present itself

A
  • Toddlers look at photos and notice themselves more than others
  • Refer to themselves with pronouns (my, mine, etc.)
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3
Q

self concept

A

our idea of self, constructed from our own beliefs + responses of others.

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4
Q

self concept in preschoolers

A

Self identifies based on:

  • physical traits
  • preferences
  • competencies
  • personal possessions
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5
Q

Self concept in school age children

A

Self-identifies based on

  • emotion
  • group membership
  • social comparisons
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6
Q

self-concept in adolescents

A

self-identifies based on

  • personality traits
  • attitudes + values
  • future goals + plans
  • depends on setting
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7
Q

Which of Erikson’s phases are adolescents in

A

Identity vs. identity confusion

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8
Q

what are the components of identity vs. identity confusion

A
  • adolescent egocentrism
  • imaginary audience
  • personal fable
  • illusion of invulnerability
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9
Q

adolescent egocentrism

A

wrongly believing that we are the focus of other people’s thinking/attention

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10
Q

imaginary audience

A

think peers are constantly watching our behaviour

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11
Q

personal fable

A

feeling that our feelings/experiences are unique

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12
Q

illusion of invulnerability

A

“it won’t happen to me”

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13
Q

What does identity status depend on

A

level of commitment and level of exploration

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14
Q

low commitment + low exploration

A

diffusion

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15
Q

diffusion

A

overwhelmed by task of achieving identity + does little to achieve one.

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16
Q

low exploration + high commitment

A

foreclosure

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17
Q

foreclosure

A

identity determined by adults rather than personal exploration

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18
Q

low commitment + high exploration

A

moratorium

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19
Q

moratorium

A

exploration of alternatives is in process

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20
Q

high exploration + high commitment

A

achievement

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21
Q

achievement

A

exploration complete, identity has been chosen

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22
Q

when are diffusion and foreclosure most common

A

adolescence

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23
Q

when are moratorium and achievement more common

A

adulthood

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24
Q

Ethnic identity

A

the feeling that one is a part of an ethnic group, and understands their customs/traditions.

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25
Q

what are the 3 stages of developing an ethnic identity

A
  1. lack of interest/exploration
  2. becoming curious
  3. achieving distinct ethnic self-concept
26
Q

what is the best way to arm children to deal with discrimination

A

teach them about it before they experience it

27
Q

what are the benefits of a strong ethnic identity

A
  • higher self-esteem
  • more satisfying social relationships
  • less affected by discrimination
28
Q

when do conflicts between parents and children arise in relation to ethnic identity

A

if the child is more acculturated than the parent

29
Q

acculturation

A

process of integrating into and adopting customs of a different culture

30
Q

multiracial identity is complex because of

A

social messages about race and cultural belonging

31
Q

why do individuals ask multiracial people where they’re from

A

human beings are hardwired to categorize everything that they see.

32
Q

What causes the storm and stress associated with adolescence

A

increased autonomy can cause frictions with parents

33
Q

who is distressed more by parent-child conflict

A

parents

34
Q

generally, how do adolescents feel about their parents

A
  • love parents/embrace parents values

- look to them for advice

35
Q

how many adolescents experience depression

A

1/5

36
Q

what are some depression risk factors

A
  • genetics/low levels of neurotransmitters
  • stressful life circumstances
  • seeing oneself in a negative life
37
Q

what can parents do to reduce depression in teens

A
  • teach about depression
  • talk/listen/ask questions
  • connect them to resources
38
Q

self-esteem

A

evaluation of one’s own self-worth

39
Q

what age does self esteem emerge

A

age 5

40
Q

what 4 domains affect self esteem in kids

A
  1. scholastic competence
  2. athletic competence
  3. social competence
  4. physical appearance
41
Q

what 3 new domains affect self esteem in adolescents

A
  1. job competence
  2. close friendships
  3. romantic appeal
42
Q

which domain affects self esteem the most

A

physical appearance

43
Q

which age group has highest self esteem and why

A

preschoolers, they’re egocentric

44
Q

what happens to self esteem in elementary school

A

drops and then stablizes

45
Q

what happens to self esteem in high school

A

drops temporarily and then stabilizes

46
Q

why does self esteem drop in elementary school

A

they start to make social comparisons

47
Q

how is self esteem different cross-culturally and why

A

NA/European kids have higher self esteem than Asian

  • more emphasis on modesty in asia,
  • less comparison socially
  • less willingness to admit to weakness in canada
48
Q

what are the 2 sources of self esteem in kids

A
  1. competencies in areas they care about

2. perception of how others view us (parents, etc.)

49
Q

sociometric theory

A

we judge ourselves based off relationships with others

50
Q

How to promote self esteem in kids

A
  1. provide warmth/affection/support
  2. offer appropriate praise
  3. set expectations, be willing to discuss rules/discipline
  4. encourage to find talents/show interest in progress
51
Q

what is appropriate praise

A

praising effort not abilities

52
Q

why is overpraising bad

A

it can make children shy away from challenge

53
Q

narcissist

A
  • inflated self-perception
  • prone to depression/aggression
  • feel entitled/less committed to others
54
Q

when do kids have rose coloured glasses towards others until

A

age 10

55
Q

what are the 5 phases of perspective-taking (Selman)

A 
3-6: undifferentiated 
4-9: social-informational
7-12: self-reflective
10-15: third person
14+: societal
56
Q

prejudice

A

a negative view of others based on group membership

57
Q

what age can prejudice develop

A

2 years

58
Q

what happens to prejudice in childhood

A

declines

59
Q

what happens to prejudice in adulthood

A

increases

60
Q

what can parents do about prejudice

A
  1. encourage contact between groups
  2. pursuing shared goals
  3. role-playing/reflecting
  4. educating about racism

FMST (9 decks)

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